Question

Develop a concept map for type 1 & type 2 DM. Address the following topics related to this condition:

1. Etiologies, risk factors, and comorbidities associated with this condition. Have students focus on the global characteristics.

2. Pertinent assessment findings (what is happening physiologically, psychologically, etc.) explain what the nurse should assess for in terms of each organ system.

3. Diagnostic tests associated with the condition

4. Nurse’s role in caring for the condition (per assessment data in #2)

5. Interdisciplinary teams role(s)

6. Prioritization of treatment/interventions (including pharmacological and insulin management and implications, etc.)

7. Teaching/health promotion for the patient (specifically about nutrition, sick days, survival education, and how to monitor for complications of this condition)

8. Community resources that would benefit the patient

MUST BE TYPED

Answer 1

1. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by increased blood sugar levels. It is of two types :-

Type 1 and Type 2

# Etiology of type 1diabetes mellitus is deficiency of insulin or increased destruction of pancreatic cells producing insulin

Etiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus is cell's resistance to the action of insulin .

Gestational diabetes cause is change in the levels of hormone during pregnancy makes the cell's resistant to the insulin action.

# Risk factors of diabetes mellitus are:-

-family history

- age

- inactivity

- pregnancy

- weight

- environmental factors

- presence of damaging pancreatic cells

- geography

- high blood pressure

- race

- polycystic ovary disease

- abnormal triglycerides and low deposit lipoprotein

# Comorbities associated with diabetes mellitus is :-

- Hypertension

- Dyslipidemia

- Diabetic foot

- Obesity

- Cardiovascular disease

- Amputation

- Non-alcoholic fatty liver

- Cancer

- Depression and anxiety disorder

2. Clinical findings are:-

- polyuria

- polyphagia

- polydipsia

- weakness

- fatigue

- sudden vision changes

- tingling or numbness in hands or feet

- dry skin

- wound slow to heal

3. Diagnostic test includes:-

Blood sugar levels assessment

- fasting plasma glucose levels 126 mg/dl or more

- random plasma glucose or 2hr post load glucose levels more than 200 mg/dl

- evaluation of complications

4. Nurses role :-

- Assessment of vital signs - temperature, blood pressure, respiratory rate, heart rate , saturation%.

- Assessment of clinical findings and their management like assessing vision to identify changes in vision as early as possible , assessment of breath to diagnose diabetic ketoacidosis , assessment of wound to see the progress of healing or any gangrene developing etc .

- Patient education about diabetes management including what is diabetes ,its sign and symptoms , complications

- Maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance

- Monitoring and managing potential complications like fluid overload , hypokalemia, cerebral edema

- Providing psychological and emotional support to the patient.

- Teaching the patient and family members about how to give insulin ,its storage etc .