A 2 year old male child has symptoms that include fatigue, nausea, voimiting and diarrhea. These...
A 2 year old male child has symptoms that include fatigue, nausea, voimiting and diarrhea. These symptoms have persisted for several days. Stool cultures for bacteria pathogens such as Salmonella and Shigella were negative. The stool was also checked for ova and parasites, and the results were negative. The day-care center that the child attends has had a previous problem with contaminated water and the physician is suspicous that this infections might be caused by Cryptosporidium, a waterborne pathogen. However, because no parasties were found, he is not certain how to proceed.
- Does a negative finding rule out the presence of a parasite?
- What other type of testing could be done?
- How does the sensitivity of testing such as enzyme immunoassay compare with visual inspection of stained slides?
- What are other advantages of enzyme immunoassay tests?
Homework Answers
Does a negative finding rule out the presence of a parasite?
The negative result does not indicate the child is free from parasite infection. The stool test for ova depends upon the qualitative nature of the specimen rather than quantity. So the error in sensitivity and specificity also shows negative results.
What other types of testing could be done?
Repetition of tests with fresh stool specimens on repeated days helps to identify the organisms. Cryptosporidium is difficult to identify because it has poor sensitivity of <5%. So the laboratory test of immunoassay helps to identify these organisms.
How does the sensitivity of testing such as enzyme immunoassay compare with a visual inspection of stained slides?
Visual inspection has poor sensitivity in the detection of microorganisms. Comparing to visual inspection of stained slides, enzyme immunoassay is highly sensitive because it works based on biochemical reaction. The microsporidia can be identified specifically by using an enzyme. It is more effective in the detection of pathogenic infection.
What are the other advantages of enzyme immunoassay tests?
- It is highly sensitive
- Easy to perform
- Provide accurate results
- Convenient to use.
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