Question

1. ATP can participate in three different types of group transfer reactions. Use structure and reaction to explain what these group transfer reactions are. Hint: the three different reactions lead to the cleavage of different phosphodiester bond in the ATP molecule.

2. Based on your answer in Question 1, what type of transfer reaction is ATP involved in the activation of amino acids during protein translation? Write the reaction with tyrosine and ATP being the substrates.

Answer 1

erroup transfer reactions of ATP ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) serves an main source of free energy in living cella. The energy stored is ATP gets liberated by direct hydrolyses or by group transfer ATP structure! ő-p -o- i -o-p- bH by transfer. adenosine - 5'- triphosphase Crroup transfer reactions involve the covalent trantes of à partian of ATP molecule to the substrate leg, an anzyme acture pite), which in tum makes subsequent metabolic reactions inwoning this substrate more thermodyna- mically favourable. in Phosphoryl transfer i Pyrophosphoryl transfer in Adenyly! (-10₂²") (-PO3PO3 (-P02) 1) Phosphoryl transfer reactions in this reaction, 02 group 18 fransferred from a doner molecule to accepter ROH & õ ö - OR - R - ofi & Rose accepter dunen Calcohol) (from ATP) (Rroon attacks on ro) An organie monophosphate is converted back to an alcohol when it transfers its phosphate group to a water molecule. H-OH + 5-8 OR - Hodes & HOR 0 accepter

ß-P occur of ATP to accepter i) pyrophosphoryl transfer: R-OH attacks an (donor) and phosphoryl group transfer R-OH Rron & o& o R Po-Pop + R2OH alcohol (nucleophile) from ATP in) Adenylyl transfers et has the large Ah. ATP has higher adenylyl group than phosphoryl group transfer potential transfer potential. Here, ROH attacks on (donor). negature value of transfer potential or pyrophosphoryl 2-P of ATP ROH Brother one-on-on-ok at o — BOH + ROH + Inucleophile) 16 from, АТР 8oza 0 - P PO -Adenine) (ΑΤΡ) Ron ROH RO - pro Roto this fodenino Ro-Proof o bi Phosphoryl transfer Pyrophosphonge transfer Adenylys transfer