Question

29. Which of the following would be synthesized in and processed by the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus? A. lipids and steroids B. DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase C. lysosomal enzymes D. cytoskeletal proteins 30. Which of the following are processed in the Golgi apparatus? A. integral membrane proteins of the plasma membrane B. proteins that are secreted from the cell C. proteins that will be broken down by lysosomes D. all of the above E. none of the above 31. RNA molecules are transported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in cukaryotes through A. sodium-potassium pumps. B. aquaporins. C. passive diffusion. D. budding off of the nuclear envelope. Enuclear pores. 32. Which of the following organelles could be considered recycling and waste management centers of eukaryotes A. the nucleus B. mitochondria C. lysosomes D. Golgi apparatus E. smooth endoplasmic reticulum 33. Two major types of protein secondary structures are referred ------and characterizes as A. elementary and primary, a covalent bond between two cysteines B. amino and carboxyl, covalent bond between two cysteines C. residual and permanent, hydrogen bonding D. a helix and B sheet, hydrogen bonding within the peptide backbone E. Rgroups, ionic and covalent, 34. Which actions would affect the secondary structure of a protein? Select all that apply. A. breaking the hydrogen bonds between amino acids B. breaking the ionic bonds between amino acids C. changing the sequence of amino acids D. disruption of the interactions between two different polypeptide chains E. A and C 35. How many water molecules would be produced in making a polypeptide that is 14 amino acids long? A. 13 B. 14 C. 27 D. 28 36. Which force can contribute to a protein's tertiary structure? A. van der Waal's forces B. covalent bonding E. All of these choices are correct. C.hydrogen bonding D. ionic bonding 37. Examine the figure below, it depicts which stage in the process of translation in a eukaryote. Met a. Transcription b. Post translation c. Translation initiation d. Transcription initiation UAC mn TO AUG m mmmmmmm Bob Howie Works, Second Edition 2016 M. Pr a nd Company

Answer 1

29 ans). Option A Lipids and Steroids is the correct option.

Explaination: Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum transport vesicles that contain lipids, steroids and proteins made in the ER, vesicles detach from the ER and start moving to the Golgi apparatus. The Golgi apparatus, functions as a factory in which substances  received from the ER are further processed and sorted for transport to their eventual destinations such as lysosomes, plasma membrane, or secretion.

Option B DNA and RNA polymerase: these are usually produced in nucleus.

Option C. Lysosomal enzymes: these are synthesized in rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Option D. Cytoskeletal proteins: these are produced in the ribosomes.

30 ans). Option E none of the above is the correct option.

Explaination: The Golgi complex, functions as a factory in which proteins from the ER are processed and sorted for transport to their eventual destinations. Vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum fuse with the Golgi network and subsequently progress through Golgi network.

Other options A, B, C, are incorrect because Golgi complex process proteins which are poduced by Endoplasmic Reticulum.

31 ans). Option E. nuclear pore is the correct option.

Explaination: RNA molecules pass from nucleus to cytoplasm through nuclear pore complexes via mobile export receptors.

Option A. Sodium potassium pump: these are involved in inward movement of potassium ions into the cell while simultaneously moving sodium ions out of the cell.

Option B. aquaporins: these are water channels allowing passage of water molecules, these are integral membrane pore proteins prevents passage of ions and solutes.

Option C. passive diffusion: It is the movement of molecules or ions from an area of higher to lower concentration.

Option D.budding off of the nuclear envelop: Viral capsid and mRNP complex are transported through this method.

32 ans). Option C. Lysosomes is the correct answer.

Explaination: Lysosomes takes in old cellular components and unwanted molecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids and sugars, and digests them with the help of enzymes also disposes out.

Option A. nucleus: its main function is DNA maintenance, RNA transcription also called as centre command of all functions of cell.

Option B. Mitochondria: The main function of mitochondria in aerobic cells is the production of energy by synthesis of ATP.

Option D. Golgi complex: It modifies, sorts and packages macromolecules(protein, lipids etc) mainly from ER to deliver them to other organelles or secretion.

Option E. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum: helps in protein folding and transport of synthesized proteins and glycosylation many more other functions.

33 ans). Option D. two major types of protein secondary structures are referred alpha helix and beta sheets and characterizes as Hydrogen bonding within peptide backbone.

Explaination: Alpha helix and beta sheets are formed because of hydrogen bonding between carbonyl and amino groups in the peptide backbone of amino acids.

36 ans). Option E. all of these options are corect.

Explaination: Tertiary structure of Protein is formed by complex 3D arrangement of polypeptide chain to assemble the different secondary structure(Alpha helix and beta sheets). this type of assembling is supported by by R-group interactions such as ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, covalent bonds (disulphide bridges), and hydrophobic & hydrophilic interactions, Vandar waal force.

41 ans). False

Explianation: All 64 codons does not have anti-codons there are only 61 anticodons that code for protein formation, additional three anticodons of UAG, UAA, and UGA (anticodon- AUC, AUU and ACU) are involved with termination of protein formation.

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