Question

Complete a concept map of translation, indicate where it takes place, and describe what will happen if the anticodon is not attached to transfer RNA.

A)DNA unzips ?transcription of mRNA ? mRNA leaves nucleus ? mRNA binds to ?ribosome ? tRNA brings in amino acid? tRNA anticodon binds to codon on mRNA ? peptide bond binds amino acids to form protein ? transport of the amino acids to the mRNA by tRNA continues until the mRNA translation is completed. This process occurs in the cytoplasm. If the anticodon is not attached the process of protein synthesis will not take place.

B)DNA unzips ?transcription of mRNA ? mRNA leaves nucleus ? mRNA binds to ?ribosome ? tRNA brings in amino acid? tRNA anticodon binds to codon on mRNA ? peptide bond binds amino acids to form protein ? transport of the amino acids to the mRNA by tRNA continues until the mRNA translation is completed. This process occurs in the nucleus. If the anticodon is not attached the process of protein synthesis will still take place.

C)mRNA binds to?ribosome ? tRNA brings in amino acid? tRNA anticodon binds to codon on mRNA ? peptide bond binds amino acids to form protein ? transport of the amino acids to the mRNA by tRNA continues until the mRNA translation is completed. This process occurs in the cytoplasm. If the anticodon is not attached the process of protein synthesis will not take place.

Answer 1

option C describes the steps in translation. The protein syntheisis start with mRNA. But the mRNA is made from the DNA which codes for the specific protein. So for the clear understanding of translation, it is better to start with DNA which actually codes for the protein to be made in translation. Tus better understanding is given by option A. The DNA which is double stranded is transcribed into RNA , which occur inside the nucleus. From the nucleus the mRNA is released to the cytoplasm. Translation will occur in cytoplasm. It is done with the ribosomes, which will bind with the mRNA, and recruits tRNA carrying amino acids specific to the mRNA codons. Ribosome is having 3 sites in its large subunit.The A site- aminoacyl tRNA binding site, P site-peptidyl tRNA binding site, and the E site- Exit site. The small subunit decodes the message from RNA, by complementarily binding to the mRNA using RNA part of it. The aminoacid, after binding with mRNA, recruits tRNA carrying aminoacid It will be based on codom-anticodon property. That is mRNA carry different codons specifying different aminoacids. The codon the tRNA carrying for each aminoacid will be the anticodon of that present in mRNA. For example the mRNA codon is UUG, thus the tRNA corresponds to that codon will have AAC sequence. The UUG codes for leusine aminoacid. Likewise the ribosome monves through the mRNA, and recruits tRNA with specific aminoacids coded by the mRNA. The tRNA carrying aminoacid enter through the A site of ribosome, moves to P site where, the peptide bond formation of tha aminoacid from tRNA occur with the previously added aminoacid. After adding the aminoacid to growing peptide chain, tRNA relaesed through the Exit part of ribosome. Likewise all the aminoacids coded by the mRNA are brough to the site and added to the peptide chain, to form a poly peptide chain, until the mRNA codes for stop codon.  

If the anticodon is not attached, translation process will not occur. Because, the anticodon is one which will be complementary to the mRNA codon. The tRNA with anticodon, only can bind to the mRNA, and can add amino acid specified by the mRNA codon. If the anticodon is not attached, not any tRNA can bind the mRNA and no more amino acids will be added by the tRNA. Thus traslation will not happen.