Question

Place the following steps of TRANSLATION in the correct order for EUKARYOTES. The ribosome reaches a stop codon. A release factor binds and causes the release of the new polypeptide, along with the mRNA. The ribosome dissociates. v Acharged tRNA with a matching anticodon binds the mRNA codon in the A site. ✓ The ribosome moves exactly 3 nucleotides toward the 3* end of the mRNA. The small ribosomal subunit uses rRNA to bind to the Kozak sequence, which places the (already bound) initiator tRNA on the start codon and in the P site. The ribosome catalyzes the formation of a peptide bond between the amino acids held by the tRNA in the P site and the new amino acid on the charged RNA in the A site. This tRNA ends up holding the whole chain of amino acids. The small ribosomal subunit binds the mRNA near the S' end and begins to search for the start codon. The large ribosomal subunit joins the small subunit, ending the Initiation phase.

Answer 1

Answer: Translation is a biological process that involves translational of genetic code in mRNA in to proteins. During translation, small subunit of ribosomes (40S) binds to the 5' end of the mRNA along with translational initiation factors and initiator tRNA. rRNA in the 40S subunits recognizes and binds to Kozak sequence in the mRNA. This initiation complex scan for the start codon AUG and place initiator tRNA on the start codon and in the P-site. Large subunit (60S) of ribosomes now joins with initiation complex and form 80S ribosome. Afterwards, tRNA charged with amino acids having anticodon complementary to the next codon of the mRNA binds to it in the A site. Peptidyl transferase activity of the ribosome catalyze the synthesis of peptide bond between initiator amino acid in the p-site and new amino acid on the charged tRNA in the site. After peptide bond formation, the ribosomes moves one codon or three nucleotides exactly towards the 3' end of the mRNA and the process of tRNA binding and peptide bond formation repeats until the ribosome reaches stop codon. Translation release factors recognizes and binds to stop codon, leading to release of new polypeptide, mRNA and dissociation of ribosome subunits.

-7° The ribosome reaches a stop codon. A release factor binds and causes the release of the new polypeptide, along with the mRNA. The ribosome dissociates. 4 v A charged RNA with a matching anticodon binds the mRNA codon in the A site. 6 v The ribosome moves exactly 3 nucleotides toward the 3' end of the mRNA. 2 The small ribosomal subunit uses rRNA to bind to the Kozak sequence, which places the (already bound) initiator tRNA on the start codon and in the P site. 5 The ribosome catalyzes the formation of a peptide bond between the amino acids held by the tRNA in the P site and the new amino acid on the charged tRNA in the A site. This tRNA ends up holding the whole chain of amino acids. 1 The small ribosomal subunit binds the mRNA near the S' end and begins to search for the start codon 3 The large ribosomal subunit joins the small subunit, ending the Initiation phase.