Question

- functions of endorphins/enkephalins and immune cytokines - physical, behavioral, and emotional indicators of stress - explain the difference between homeostasis and allostasis - explain what occurs during allostatic overload - explain why each of the following can occur due to stress: hypertension, stroke, coronary artery disease, gastrointestinal problems, immune suppression, diabetes mellitus - define glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis

Answer 1

Answer: The major function of the endorphins is to transmit electrical signals. It is one of the brain chemicals which is also known as neurotransmitters. It mainly works to reduce the perception of pain. The immune cytokines has major function to elevate the function of the immune system. Cytokines are a collection of a protein which is secreted by immune system which is also known as messenger.

The physical, behavioral and emotional indicators of stress are:

Physical stress: Infection, surgery, dietary stress, fatigue, food allergies.

Behavioral stress: smoking behavior, insomnia, irritation etc.

Emotional stress: tension, worries, anxiety.

Homeostasis is a kind of process that maintains system such as body temperature, pH etc. But the allostatis maintains the balance by altering the parameters.

The allostatic overload causes the stress on the body such as wear and tear on the body which is due to excess stress.