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What are the signs/symptoms of sickle cell disease? What are the nursing measures for the patient...

  1. What are the signs/symptoms of sickle cell disease? What are the nursing measures for the patient experiencing an exacerbation of sickle cell disease?
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* Signs and symptoms of sickle cell anemia.

            * Joint pain.

            * Weakness.

            * Fever.

            * Dizziness.

            * Hematuria.

            * Dyspnea.

            * Leg ulcers.

            * Liver congestion.

            * Arthritis.

            * Jaundice.

* Nursing measures.

          * Administer analgesics as per physicians order to reduce pain.

          * Assist the patient to elevate swollen joints to improve venous return

            and reduce swelling in the joints.

          * Regular monitoring of vital signs and renal function.

          * Follow aseptic technique when contact with the patient to prevent infections.

          * Monitor for signs of infection and dehydration.

          * Encourage intake of fluids to prevent dehydration.

          * Administer antibiotics as per physicians order if infection is present.

          * Teach the family members of the patient to create a stress free environment.

          * Provide a warm bath for the patient to reduce pain.

          * Teach breathing exercises to maintain normal breathing pattern.  

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