Question

Journal 8 The lungs are instrumental in breathing. Do you know what Structures are within the lungs? Name and describe them. what aireaks and disorders have you heard of in this system? give a breat explanation or each. 2. If the physician recommends that a patient have a lobectomy for long conur, how many IDDCS could be excised from each of the lungs while still leaving at east one lobe? 3. How does the environment affect lung health? what is the biggest lifestyle change you can make to accrease your chances of getting lung cancer?

Answer 1

1 ) Lungs acts as a primary organs of respiration. It is of two in number and is filled with air. It is located on the thoracic cavity. Lungs are of two, right lung is divided in to three lobes (upper,middle and lower). Left lung is divided into two lobes upper and a lower lobe. The covering layers of the lungs is named as pleura, outer covering is parietal pleura and the pleura covering inner aspect of the lungs is termed as visceral pleura, in-between parietal and visceral pleura a pleural cavity is found known as pleural space ( layer consists of pleural fluid and helps to avoid frictional rub between parietal and visceral pleura).

The structures found within the lungs are:

- Air enters through nose from the external environment. Trachea (wind pipe) act as a channel for the air entry from the nose to lungs. Trachea is made of cartilaginous tube connects pharynx and the larynx with the lungs. Trachea is composed of 20 cartilaginous rings.

- Trachea continues and divides into two bronchi entering in to right and left lungs.

- Bronchi splits further in to secondary and tertiary bronchi, and end up with bronchioles inside the lungs.

2) Diseases affecting the respiratory system:

- Disease affecting airways :

Bronchial Asthma - occurs when the airways / bronchioles of the lungs is obstructed by too much of mucus secretion resulting in symptoms of wheezing and intense cough

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - COPD commonly caused by smoking, exposed to industrial smoke. COPD appears in two forms : Chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

- Diseases affecting lungs :   

Tuberculosis : is a contagious disease caused by Mycobacterium tubercle, spreads from one person to other by droplet contact.

Lung cancer: Abnormal proliferation of lung cells , common etiology of lung cancer is smoking, family history of lung cancer.

3) Lobectomy : Surgical removal of the lung lobes secondary to diseases affecting lungs like cancer, assess, TB, emphysema. One or two lobes are removed based on the degree of disease involvement. Minimal incisions are made in to the lungs through thoracotomy and thus removing affected lobes along with lymph nodes.

4) Air pollution contribute to majority of lung diseases. Growing population demands more transport means increasing automobile pollution. Industrialization results in too much air pollution. Occupational hazards common for people working in wood, cotton, coal industries are at a higher risk for occupational lung diseases.