Question

PLEASE ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

Question 5

Adding acetic acid to urine will do which of the following?

A.

enhance the nucleus of the WBC

B.

lyse the RBCs

C.

clears amorphous phosphates

D.

all of the above

E.

none of the above

Question 6

What cells are found in a epithelial cell cast?

A.

squamous epithelial cells

B.

transitional epithelial cells

C.

renal tubular epithelial cells

D.

a combination of all three types of epithelial cells

Question 7

An epithelial cast indicates which condition?

A.

pyelonephritis

B.

end stage renal disease

C.

glomerulonephritis

D.

advanced tubular destruction

Question 8

Finding dysmorphic RBCs is indicative of:

A.

traumatic injury

B.

renal calculi

C.

glomerular bleeding

D.

coagulation disease

Question 9

Casts are formed mostly in the:

A.

Proximal convoluted tubules

B.

Ascending loop of Henle

C.

Desending loop of Henle

D.

Distal convoluted tubules

E.

Collecting ducts

Question 10

What are "glitter cells"?

A.

epithelial cells that are disintergrating

B.

amorphous crystals that are caught in WBCs

C.

WBCs in hypotonic urine that have swollen

D.

None of the above

Question 11

Prior to identifying an RBC cast, all of the following should be observed except:

A.

Free-floating RBCs

B.

Presence of a cast matrix

C.

Intact RBCs in the cast

D.

A positive reagent strip blood reaction

Question 12

Which of the following can be observed in a normal urine of a person who has just finished strenous exercise?

A.

RBC casts

B.

Hyaline casts

C.

WBC casts

D.

Granular casts

Question 13

Casts are formed from whict type of protein?

A.

Bence Jones Protein

B.

Albumin

C.

Tamm-Horsfall Protein

D.

Orthostatic protein

Question 14

Oval Fat Body come from which of the following:

A.

WBC

B.

RBC

C.

RTE

D.

A transitional Epi

Question 15

Waxy casts are indicative of which of the following:

A.

Pylonephritis

B.

extreme urinary stasis

C.

glomerulonephritis

D.

chronic renal failure

E.

Both B and D

Question 16

Which cast is considered "Renal Failure Cast"?

A.

Mixed cellular cast

B.

RBC cast

C.

Fine Granular cast

D.

Broad cast

E.

Waxy cast

Question 17

Which of the following crystals are associated with severe liver disease

Bilirubin
Leucine
Cystine
Tyrosine
Uric Acid

A.

1,3,5

B.

3,5

C.

1,2,4

D.

All may be seen in severe liver disease

E.

None of these are seen in severe liver disease

Question 18

Which of the following is a description of amorphous phosphates

A.

dumbbell shape

B.

white precipitate

C.

coffin lids

D.

thorny apple

E.

yellow granules

Question 19

All of the following contribute to the formation of urinary crystals except:

A.

temperature

B.

solute concentration

C.

pH

D.

protein concentration

E.

none of the above

Question 20

Urate crystals are seen in which type of urine?

A.

alkaline urine

B.

acidic urine

C.

improperly preserved urines

D.

refrigerated urines

Answer 1

5. ANS: C. clears amorphous phosphates.

Explanation: Amorphous phosphates dissolve on addition of acetic acid. Normal Urine is clear but may be cloudy due to the presence of amorphous phosphates in neutral or alkaline urine disappearing on addition of dilute acetic acid and amorphous urate in acid Urine disappearing on heating.

6. ANS: D. A combination of all three types of epithelial cells

Explanation: Epithelial cells are divided as three groups, Squamous epithelium, transitional epithelium, and small round or polygonal cells. Casts are formed in the renal tubules whose shape they take. Subsequently they are pushes by the fluid along the tubules and appear in the urine.

7. ANS:

Explanation: If a cast is seen in the urine, kidney disease or in- volvement exists; the presence of casts indicates kidney (renal) disease. Epithelial casts indicate acute tubular necrosis (ATN), glomerulonephritis, or acute interstitial nephritis.

8. ANS: C. Glomerular bleeding

Explanation: Finding of dysmorphic Red Blood Cells is an indicative glomerular bleeding.

9. ANS: D. Distal convoluted tubules

Explanation: Urinary casts are formed only in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) or the collecting duct (distal nephron). The proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) and loop of Henle are not locations for cast formation.

10. ANS: C. WBCs in hypotonic urine that have swollen

Explanation: Glitter cells are a type of neutrophil seen in hypotonic urine. glitter cells are neutrophilis in hypotonic urine will swell, their granules move by Brownian movement

11. ANS: C. Intact RBCs in the cast

Explanation: Prior to identifying an RBC cast, all of the following should be observed except intact RBCs in the cast

13. ANS: C. Tamm-Horsfall Protein

Explanation: Casts are formed from Tamm-Horsfall Protein type of protein

Please consider this note: Answering to many questions (more than four) is against to HOMEWORKLIB RULESS.