Question

1. In the following list a positive result in which parameter requires a urine microscopic.

pH

Blood

Bilirubin

Leukocyte esterase

Nitrite

Glucose

Ketone

ANSWER?

Initial screening of the urine sediment is performed using an objective power of: A. 4X B. 10X C. 40X D. 100X
Which of the following are reported as number per HPF? RBCs WBCs Crystals Casts A. None - all are reported on LPF B. 1,3, and 4 C. 1,2, and 3 D. All are reported on HPF
WBC casts in the urine sediment are associated with which of the following conditions. A. ) glomerulonephritis B. end stage renal disease C. pylonephritis D. kidney stones 5 points Question 5 Adding acetic acid to urine will do which of the following? A. enhance the nucleus of the WBC B. lyse the RBCs C. clears amorphous phosphates D. all of the above E. none of the above 5 points Question 6 What cells are found in a epithelial cell cast? A. squamous epithelial cells B. transitional epithelial cells C. renal tubular epithelial cells D. a combination of all three types of epithelial cells 5 points Question 7 An epithelial cast indicates which condition? A. pyelonephritis B. end stage renal disease C. glomerulonephritis D. advanced tubular destruction 5 points Question 8 Finding dysmorphic RBCs is indicative of: A. traumatic injury B. renal calculi C. glomerular bleeding D. coagulation disease 5 points Question 9 Casts are formed mostly in the: A. Proximal convoluted tubules B. Ascending loop of Henle C. Desending loop of Henle D. Distal convoluted tubules E. Collecting ducts 5 points Question 10 What are "glitter cells"? A. epithelial cells that are disintergrating B. amorphous crystals that are caught in WBCs C. WBCs in hypotonic urine that have swollen D. None of the above 5 points Question 11 Prior to identifying an RBC cast, all of the following should be observed except: A. Free-floating RBCs B. Presence of a cast matrix C. Intact RBCs in the cast D. A positive reagent strip blood reaction 5 points Question 12 Which of the following can be observed in a normal urine of a person who has just finished strenous exercise? A. RBC casts B. Hyaline casts C. WBC casts D. Granular casts 5 points Question 13 Casts are formed from whict type of protein? A. Bence Jones Protein B. Albumin C. Tamm-Horsfall Protein D. Orthostatic protein 5 points Question 14 Oval Fat Body come from which of the following: A. WBC B. RBC C. RTE D. A transitional Epi 5 points Question 15 Waxy casts are indicative of which of the following: A. Pylonephritis B. extreme urinary stasis C. glomerulonephritis D. chronic renal failure E. Both B and D 5 points Question 16 Which cast is considered "Renal Failure Cast"? A. Mixed cellular cast B. RBC cast C. Fine Granular cast D. Broad cast E. Waxy cast 5 points Question 17 Which of the following crystals are associated with severe liver disease Bilirubin Leucine Cystine Tyrosine Uric Acid A. 1,3,5 B. 3,5 C. 1,2,4 D. All may be seen in severe liver disease E. None of these are seen in severe liver disease 5 points Question 18 Which of the following is a description of amorphous phosphates A. dumbbell shape B. white precipitate C. coffin lids D. thorny apple E. yellow granules 5 points Question 19 All of the following contribute to the formation of urinary crystals except: A. temperature B. solute concentration C. pH D. protein concentration E. none of the above 5 points Question 20 Urate crystals are seen in which type of urine? A. alkaline urine B. acidic urine C. improperly preserved urines D. refrigerated urines 5 points

Answer 1

1. Answer is option B. Blood.  
Urine specimen is analysed in three ways.
• Visual examination: urine colour, clarity
• Chemical examination: urine pH, specific gravity, glucose, ketones, nitrites, leukocyte esterase, bilirubin, albumin, globulin.
• Microscopic examination: WBC, RBC, epithelial cells, tumour cells, casts, crystals, yeast cells.
2. Answer is option B. 10x. Low power field is used for urine microscopic examination.
3. Answer is option C. High power: RBC, WBC, microbes
Low power: epithelial cells. Here casts are the epithelial cells.
4. Answer is option C. Pyelonephritis. WBC casts are seen in pyelonephritis, cystitis, urethritis. RBC is seen in glomerulonephritis.