Question

1. You have encountered 2 different pathogenic bacteria in the past 3 months and developed an upper respiratory tract infection of the same approximate magnitude each time. The inoculum size of organism #1 was 100 organisms, the inoculum size of organism #2 was 500 organisms. Explain how this is possible-that each would produce the same amount of disease. 2. Nosocomial infections. What are they and give a specific example. 3. Indicate at least 4 contributing causes to the development of nosocomial infections 4. Propose a mechanism for botulism poisoning from a can of beets. (Additional information: The causative agent is Clostridium botulinum, a gram positive rod; it is an obligate anaerobe- which means not only does it not require oxygen, but it cannot survive in its presence; it produces an exotoxin, a toxin that it secretes into its environment.

Answer 1

2 ans. nosocomial infections is also termed as hospital acquired infection(HAI), are group of infections which occurs within 48hrs of hospital stay in patient 's body. the examples are - blood stream infection, pneumonia(ventilator associated pneumonia), surgical site infection and urinary tract infection.

3ans- The causes are....

direct transmission

droplet transmission- by coughing, sneezing, talking etc through droplets filled with microbes.

airborne transmission - evaporated droplets which contains microbe can spread the infection.

common vehicle transmission - through food, medicine, equipment, machines.

vector bborne transmission- through mites, vermin, flies, rats, mosquitoes.