Question

Compare the pathophysiology of chronic venous insufficiency and deep venous thrombosis. Describe how venous thrombosis differs from arterial thrombosis

Explain how gender impacts pathophysiology of CVI and DVT. How would you diagnose and treat the disorders based on gender

Answer 1

chronic venous insufficiency

it is the condition in which venous walls /valve in the legs are inefficient to pump blood to the heart . it results in pooling of blood called stasis.

causes (aetiology)

• ageing
• prolonged sitting or standing
• pregnancy
• congenitally weakened vein walls
• deep vein thrombosis
• pelvic tumours
• obesity
• gender female

pathophysiology

due to aetiology, increased venous pressure the blood flow towards capillaries from the vein will interfere; these results in leukocyte trapping. capillary basement membranes become damaged by released proteolytic enzymes and oxygen free radicles by leukocytes.so plasma proteins leaks into surrounding tissues forming a cuff. resultant oedema and interstitial fibrin reduces oxygen supply to the tissue, leads to local hypoxia causes inflammation and damage to the tissues

deep vein thrombosis

due to venous stasis, activation of blood coagulation and vein damage (Virchow triad). When the blood flow obstructs or slows down due to any reason, these increases the viscosity and formation of microthrombi which then grow.

Any endothelial damage to blood vessel resulting in a hypercoagulable state resulting from increased circulating tissue activation factor and with a decrease in circulating plasma antithrombin and fibrinolysins.

Decreased vein wall contractility and vein valve dysfunction as a result of deep vein thrombosis lead to chronic venous insufficiency.

Venous thrombosis blood clot is developed in the veins. venous thrombi are mainly constituted by fibrin and red blood cells, and platelets in less amount.

Arterial thrombosis, blood clot forms in arteries. platelets are essential for primary haemostasis, repair of damaged endothelium and development of atherosclerosis. arterial thrombosis developed after a complex process of inflammation, lipids and immune system but for a lesser extend in venous thrombosis.