Question

Seven Solution Problem Deduction Lab This experiment is an exercise in observation and deduction, both critical skills for productive scientific study. You will be making observations on the results of binary mixing from a total of seven known solutions. From your observations and your knowledge of chemical behavior and solubility. you identify the identity of each of the nine unmarked solutions. As you can probably already see, careful observations, recording of results and deductions will be the key to success. Listed below are the seven solutions with which you will be working with as unknowns in the lab. Na3PO. KI MgCl2 Ca(NO3)2 Cu(NO3)2 Zn(SO) SINO Prior to this laboratory session you will prepare a matrix which will allow you to record the results of all possible binary mixings in the pre la section. To provide some assistance with this preparation, consult the following solubility rules. If there are two rules which appear to contradict each other, the preceding rule takes precedence. 1. Salts containing Group I elements (U', Na', K, Cs, Rb) are soluble. There are few exceptions to this rule. Salts containing the ammonium ion (NH4") are also soluble. 2. Salts containing nitrate ion (NO) are generally soluble. 3. Salts containing Cl, Br, or are generally soluble. Important exceptions to this rule are halide salts of Ag', Pb, and (Hg.)". Thus, ARCI, PbBr, and H Cl, are insoluble. 4. Most silver salts are insoluble. AgNO, and Ag(C,H,O:) are common soluble salts of silver, virtually all others are insoluble. 5. Most sulfate salts are soluble. Important exceptions to this rule include caso, BaSO, PbSO.. Ag.SO, and Srso. 6. Most hydroxide salts are only slightly soluble. Hydroxide salts of Group lelements are soluble Hydroxide salts of Group Il elements (Ca, Sr, and Ba) are slightly soluble. Hydroxide salts of transition metals and Al are insoluble. Thus, Fe(OH). Al(OH), COOH), are not soluble. 7. Most sulfides of transition metals are highly insoluble, including Cds, Fes, Zns, and Ag, S. Arsenic, antimony, bismuth, and lead sulfides are also insoluble. 8. Carbonates are frequently insoluble. Group Il carbonates (Caco, SrCo, and Baco) are insoluble, as are FeCo, and PbCO 9. Chromates are frequently insoluble. Examples include PbCrO, and BaCros. 10. Phosphates such as Ca,(PO.h and Ag.PO, are frequently insoluble 11. Fluorides such as Bafa, Mg, and PbF, are frequently insoluble

Answer 1

I (Na₂Hpou) Reaction between Na Hoy & k. 1) Na HPO4 (aq) +2 KI (aq) → KHPO4 (99) +2Na I (aq) Reaction between Na HPO4 & Mg(NO3)2 : - Na HPO4 (aq) + Mg(NO₃), (99) 2 Nang (99) + Mg HPO 4 (3) precipitate is famed during this reaction. Reaction between a Nos) 2 :- Na HPO4 (aq) + Ca(NO3) (99) → 2 NaNO₂ (aq) + Ca HPO (3) precipitate of Catrou is observed. Reaction between NQHPO & Cu(NO3)2 :- Na HPO4 (aq) + Cu(NO3) (99) 2 NaNO₃ (99) + Cu HP (s) precipitate Reaction between Ng HPO 4 & Znsou: - Nag HPO (99) + ZnSO4 (al) Nasou (99) + Zn HPO (5) precipitate

Reaction between NaHPO4 & So(NO3)₂ NQHPO4 (99) + Sv (NO3)₂ (99) 2 NaNO3 (29) + Sv HPO 4 (3) I (KI) Reaction between KI & Mg(NO3)₂ 2KIut Mg(NO3)2(aq) 2 KNO3(aq) + Mg I do)

08 2KI (aq) + Ca(NO3) (aq) 2 KNO₃(aq) + Cal (99) KI (aq) + Cu(NO3) (09) - 2 KNO₃ (98) + Cu I (3) (Precipitale of Cu I is formed) 2 KI (99) + Zn so, (99) ZnI (0) + k, sou (99) (precipitate of Zn I is formed) 2 KI (99) + Sr (NO) (199) 2KNO (aq) + So I (09) (no precipitale is formed) Ty Mg(NO3)2 Mg(NO3), (99) + Ca(NO3)₂(aq) No reaction. Mg(NO3)₂(aq) + Cu(NO3)₂ (99) No reaction Mg Nos), (aq) + ZnSO4 (99) → Zn (NO3)(aq) + MgSO4(s) (precipitate is formed Mg(NO3), (99) + So (NO3)2 (99) ► No reaction

Ca(NO3)2 Ca(NO), (aq) + Cu(NO), (99) No reaction Ca(NO3)2 (99) + anso (99) Caso v + Zn(NO3), (99) (precipitate Ca(NO3) (aq) + Sv (NO), (99) - No reaction I Cu(NO3)2 Cu(NO3)99+ ZnSO4 (aq) → Cu Soy (aq) + 2/(N0)() Cu(NO) (99) + Sv (NG) (99) - No reaction I ensou :- ZnSO4 (aq) + So (NO), (99) Zr NO3)₂ (aq) + S&Soy (3) Il Sr (NO)