What do you think about Anthony Iton's focus on the medical model vs. the socio-economic model?
Anthony Iton proposes to improve the public health by considering the medical and socio-ecological factors. By improving the health of the people in the lowest end of the socioeconomic spectrum, entire public health will be benefitted. The second goal of Healthy People 2010 aims at eliminating the health disparities, but there is a wide gap between the stated goal and public health policies, strategies, and practices to eliminate health disparities.
The Medical Model
Most of the state and federal grant-funded public health programs are based on the medical model. The medical model considers differences in clinical risk factors, and risk behaviours while explaining the differential rates of disease and death between groups. It focuses mainly on some proximate causes of morbidity and mortality such as genetics, healthcare access and quality, behaviour change strategies of individual health knowledge. The medical model can be easily applied to the situations where health disparities are narrowly defined as the differential incidence of certain specific diseases because it primarily focuses on individual behaviours and risks. The disease-specific strategies often tend to ignore the socioecological context of those diseases. The medical model ignores the common disease roots in the socioecological context, most of the times.
The Socioecological model
Even though the medical model plays an important role in removing health disparities, it cannot eliminate the socio-ecological disparities alone. The main social disparities like income, education, housing, employment also must be considered while taking care of the health disparities. In order to ensure the ethical practice of public health effective strategies to eliminate these disparities must be considered. The strategies intended to improve public health must understand the impact of the immediate social and physical environment in the development of risk behaviours like physical inactivity, smoking and consumption of unhealthy foods. Ultimately the new public health strategies must be concentrated on the low-income communities where health disparities are concentrated and must aid to build a social, political, and economic power in them.
What do you think about Anthony Iton's focus on the medical model vs. the socio-economic model?
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