Question

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6) What can explain the decreased percentage of obesity observed in 2 to 5 years old children between 2003 and 2011? a) Decreased yearly incidence of obesity b) Increased primary prevention level c) Increased secondary prevention level d) All of the above 7) Why is it important to decrease the prevalence of obesity in children? a) Obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. b) Obesity is an etiologic factor for cardiovascular diseases. B) In which conditions would you predict the prevalence for a given disease to decrease over time? a) The disease is acute and its duration is shortening because of the progress made in its treatment b) The incidence rate decreases because of the progress made in primary prevention. C) The disease is hard to diagnose due to lack of proper equipment or skills. d) The disease has a high mortality, very few patients survive. e) a, b, and d f) a, b, c, and d 9) "Mutations in the SOD1 gene cause the autosomal dominant, neurodegenerative disorder familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS). In spinal cord neurons of human FALS patients and in transgenic mice expressing these mutant proteins, aggregates containing FALS SOD1 are observed" (From Nature Structural Biology 2003. 10: 461-7) With no more information than the one provided by the text above, what would you call the crystals made of SOD1 mutant proteins? a) Fatty deposits b) Amyloid accumulations c) Ectopic protein accumulations d) Extracellular accumulations e) Intracellular accumulations 10) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), often referred to as "Lou Gehrig's Disease," is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and the spinal cord. Motor neurons go from the brain to the spinal cord and from the spinal cord to the muscles throughout the body. The progressive degeneration of the motor neurons in ALS eventually leads to their death. When the motor neurons die, the ability of the brain to initiate and control skeletal muscle movement is lost. With voluntary muscle action progressively affected, patients in the later stages of the disease may become totally paralyzed. What happens to the skeletal muscles of patients suffering from ALS? a) Hypertrophy b) Atrophy c) Dysplasia d) Hyperplasia

Answer 1

6ans) All the above (D)

childhood obesity has been studied completely. The studies showed that there is a decline in obesity among children of ages 2-5 years in US. Rate of obesity decreased from 13.9% to 8.3%.. this shows that there is a yearly decrease in obesity rate by increased in primary and secondary prevention level.

2ans) obesity is a risk factor of cardiovascular diseases (A)

obesity increases the risk of heart problems. Heart problems such as heart failure and CHD.

8ans) a,b,c and d (F)

9ans) Amyloid accumulations (B)

10ans) dysplasia (C)