Question

29. NSAIDs are high risk for which adverse effects? 30. What effect de corticosteroids exert on the body's immune response 31. How will glucocorticoids affect the following? a. Hair growth? b. Weight? c. Sleep patterns? d. Glucose levels? e. Eyes? f. Blood pressure? g. Fluid balance? ANALGESICS 32. What medication is administered to treat narcotic overdose? Generic name? Trade name? 33. Morphine is available in many forms... What is unique about MS Contin? How should it be administered? (regular intervals or prn) 34. What is unique about Roxanol? 35. How should it be administered? (regular intervals or prn) 36. So, if a patient is receiving MS Contin and Roxanol for pain management, you would expect to see _ordered q8h and ordered sublingual for breakthrough pain. 37. A common anticipated gastrointestinal side effect of opiod analgesics (meperidine/morphine) is 38. Label the controlled substance schedule I -------- V from least to highest potential for abuse. 39. A common gastrointestinal side effect of aspirin is common side effect of the ears is and a 40. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) can be toxic to which organ? liver 110

Answer 1

29. Stomach ulcers along with heart burn and stomach pain.

NSAIDs ( Non steroidal Anti inflammatory drugs) are used to treat pain, inflammation and fever. The common adverse effects are stomach problems like stomach ulcers ( more common), gastritis, stomach pain and heartburn( These symptoms are the result of irritation of gastrc mucosa by NSAIDs, that causes increased gastric acid production), dizziness and head ache, kidney and liver problems, allergic reactions ( rashes or breathing difficulty and wheezing), increased blood pressure etc.

30. Supressing the immune system or reducing the activity of immune system and its responses.

Corticosteroids are the any group of steroid hormones secreted by Adrenal cortex. Synthetic Corticosteroids are man made steroids used to reduce inflammation ( immune system response to protect the body from antigens). Steroids are used mainly in the conditions of Rheumatoid arthritis, Vasculitis, Systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE) etc. Cortecosteroids reduces the immune response by decreasing the production of chemicals ( mediators like leukotrines,prostaglandins,histamine) , that causes inflammation,from white blood cells and mast cells.

Examples of cortecosteroids: Cortisone, methylprednisolone

31. Glucocorticoids are the steroid hormones used to reduce inflammation .

a) Hair growth

Glucocortecoids helps in hair growth and it is used in the treatment of Alopecia ( hair loss). Glucocortecoids helps in reducing the inflammation thus stop the immune system from attacking the hair roots or follicles.

b) weight

Glucocortecoids causes weight gain in people, primarily due to water retention and increased appetite. This steroids increase the fat storage by promoting fat deposition in tissues.

c)Sleep patterns

Steroids may affect the sleeping pattern and it causes disturbances in sleep and insomnia. It may be due to the disruption in the natural chemical system in the body by the induction of steroids.

d) Glucose level

Glucocortecoids increases glucose levels in the blood by promoting the glucose production from liver and decreasing the cells' sensitivity to insulin, resulting in accumulation of glucose in the blood.

e)Eyes

longer use of Steroids may cause cataract and glaucoma. But due to anti-inflammatory properties, steroids can be prescribed by doctors in case of any swelling, irritation of the eye ( uveitis, conjunctivitis) to reduce inflammation of the eyes

f) Blood pressure

Glucocortecoids increases blood pressure by increasing the fluid and sodium retention.

e) Fluid balance

Glucocortecoids increases fluid retention causes fluid imbalance.

Analgesics

32. Drug for narcotic overdose : Naloxone

Generic name: Naloxone hydrochloride

Trade name: Narcan