Question

Next-generation sequencing involves:

A. generating many short sequences from an intact, continuous DNA sequence.

B. generating many short sequences from fragmented DNA.

C. splicing together DNA fragments.

D. adding multiple probes to fragmented DNA.

What is the difference between a mutation and a polymorphism?

A. A mutation can exist in a single person; a polymorphism must exist in at least 2% of the population.

B. A mutation involves a single base pair; a polymorphism involves many base pairs.

C. Mutations affect cell function; polymorphisms do not.

D. Mutations do not change DNA structure; polymorphisms distort the helical structure.

ddNTPs terminate the lengthening of a DNA strand because they lack chemical groups that:

A. allow hydrogen bonding to the template strand.

B. are recognized by DNA polymerase.

C. protect the strand from endonucleases.

D. form phosphodiester bonds in the backbone of the strand.

Light is generated when nucleotides are added to a growing strand of DNA in the process of:

A. pyrosequencing.

B. ligase chain reaction.

C. strand displacement amplification.

D. branched DNA amplification.

Which process can be combined with a bead array format enabling detection of 100 different targets in one sample?

A. Branched DNA amplification

B. Transcription-mediated amplification

C. Ligase chain reaction

D. Strand displacement amplification

What is meant by “gating” in flow cytometry?

A. The chromatic arrangement of cellular populations

B. The process by which one cell population adheres to another population

C. An electronic window separating subpopulations of cells

D. An electronic device measuring all populations of cells

An intrinsic parameter that can be measured by a flow cytometer is:

A. surface expression of CD3.

B. granularity.

C. cytoplasmic protein content.

D. RNA content.

In most flow cytometers, labeled cells:

A. scatter the light and absorb fluorescence.

B. absorb fluorescence and emit electronic impulses.

C. scatter the light and emit fluorescence.

D. absorb both fluorescence and light.

Answer 1

Next generation sequencing involves - D

Next generation sequencing involves, multiple fragments of genomes (DNA /RNA) and adding adapters or probes molecules .

Difference between mutation and polymorphism - B, mutation involve change in single base pair, while in polymorphism there is change in more than one base pair or involves many base pairs.

ddNTPs terminate lengthening of DNA strand because they lack chemical group which - D

In pentose sugar at 3C position they lack OH group which takes part in phoshodiester bond.

Light is generated when nucleotide are added to a growing strand of DNA in process of - A

Pyrosequencing is based on sequencing by synthesis principle. When DNA polymerase elongate DNA chain, pyrophosphate are released. Each pyrophosphate triggers a series of reaction which generate light.

Which process can be combined with bead array format enabling detection of 100 different target in one sample - d strand displacement amplification

Gating in flow cytometry -- A, flow cytometry is basically depends on gating. Gates and regions are placed around populations of cells with common characteristic.

Intrinsic parameter measure by flow cytometry -- B, granularity, in flow cytometry, basically blood test is done tto detect, identify specific cells.

Inmost flow cytometers, labelled cells, C, scatter the light and emit fluorescence.