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Tatas prospects mirror those of India ta is Indias largest corporate conglomerate, companies began expanding internationally, almost a defensive move, anticipating greater competition in the Indian market (The Economist, 30 May 2009). Many Tata companies are now becoming global forces, reflecting their international ambitions, which echo those of Indias government. spanning diverse business sectors from chemicals to hotels to steel. Founded by the Tata family during British rule, its history has unfolded with the upheavals of India itself. It continued to expand in Indias post-colonial period, beginning in the 195os when the country was officially a socialist republic. This period was characterized by a closed economy, with heavy regulation, protectionist policies, and an emphasis of self-sufficiency. As imports were limited and companies were not allowed to invest abroad domestic firms focused on import substitution. Much of what was available to consumers, however, was perceived to be of poor quality in comparison to foreign equivalents, which were barred Among the Tata companies that are considered the jewels in the family crown, there are Tata Steel Tata Motors and Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), the last of which has been a star in Indias most recent development phase, promoting computing and business process outsourcing. Tatas foreign acquisitions include the purchase by Tata Steel of Corus, the UK steelmaker in 2007. In 2008, Tata Motors purchased Jaguar Land Rover of the UK. This last acquisition proved to be somewhat ill-timed, as it coincided with economic recession, but Ratan Tata was resolute that the luxury With the opening of the economy from 1991 onwards, more foreign goods and foreign companies gained access to the Indian market. FDI was cautiously welcomed, although regulation and restrictions remained obstacles. Similarly, capital controls were lifted, allowing Indian companies to expand abroad. From 2004 onwards, they were allowed to borrow money from foreign banks. As India became a more open, market-oriented economy, the prospects for Indian companies brightened. Since 1991, the Tata group has been headed by Ratan Tata, the fifth generation of his family to take the helm. Tata brand would be successful under Tata ownership. His most eye-catching announcement that year was the introduction of the Tata Nano, a small, cheap car at the opposite end of the market. The Nano, billed as the peoples car, caught the imagination of Indias growing ranks of consumers who could now aspire to car ownership (see figure). It also grabbed headlines globally. A European version was envisaged, the Nano Europa, which would meet European emissions standards, and even an American version was envisaged Following the euphoria of the Nano launch, Tata came back down to earth when production difficulties set in. It is often the case in India that land for industrial use is compulsorily purchased by the government. In this case, A proud new owner suburban apartments like these are designed for Indias growing middle class, but the government E must also focus on L development issues for the countrys millions of poor rural inhabitants Source: Istockthe government of West Bengal although communist, was keen to have the estimated 10,000 jobs that the Nano factory would bring. It held out incentives to attract Tata, including a site that was nearly free and low taxes. The proposed site, over which some 12,000 peasant farmers had separate titles, was compulsorily purchased, to pave the less way for the factory. However, the over $22,000 $4,000-11,000 less than $2,000 20 80 Millions of households 2015 forecast 200S hostility of the displaced farmers Violent protests ensued, ultimately making it impossible to complete the Indian households income factory. Tata abandoned the site, along with the nearly finished factory and started again in the state of Gujarat, which, with its existing industrial base, proved a owned banks have not become globalized and were more amenable environment. The shift in location was not exposed in risky financial markets. Liberal reforms costly in terms of time and money, and the suppliers who had invested in facilities near the West Bengal site also suffered. People in West Bengal had mixed feelings: food to telecommunications. These state-owned the opportunity for factory jobs looked attractive to many, as being more secure than subsistence farming, accounted for 83% of GDP The government could sell but many others felt they were not being offered enough money to compensate them for the compulsory purchase of their land Source Financial Times, 2o January 2010 crisis. This was partly fortuitous: Indias dominant state- including privatizations, have stalled in recent years. The state-owned sector remains huge, ranging from companies employed 1.8 million people in 2008, and become more efficient. Such sell-offs could yield valuable cash to deal with the countrys budget deficit of nearly 7% of GDP The travails of getting the Nano into production, some seven months late, are indicative of the strains which prevail in India Some 60% of the population is still agricultural, although agriculture is just 20% of the 1,000 rupees (about $21) which caters for people without countrys GDP Indias government is now focusing on running water and electricity in their homes a category building manufacturing capacity, conscious of rivalry with China as a manufacturing superpower. But there remain many obstacles, including poor infrastructure Poverty and poor education continue to hold back development. India grew at an impressive 7.9% in 2009. and was relatively unscathed by the global financial Meanwhile, Tata has moved on to another headline- grabbing launch, the Tata Swach, a water filter device at which covers about 400 million of Indias inhabitants Evaluate international experience of TATAs conglomerate, by conducting SWOT analysis and PESTEL analysis. Analyze the strategies (strategic actions) that Questions for discussion TATAs conglomerate takes in its international expansion.

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