Homework Answers
Dear Candidate,
A Schiff base formation is reaction of Aldehydes or ketones with ammonia or mono substituted amine to give an imines. It is widely used in organic chemistry, specially in co-ordination chemistry.
Detailed mechanism can be shown as below.
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Reaction with primary amines (or other monosubstituted ammonias, NH2-Y). Formation of imines or "Shiff bases" O...
When acyl halides (R?COX) or acid anhydrides (R?OC?O?CO?R) react with primary amines (R?NH2) or secondary amines...
When acyl halides (R?COX) or acid anhydrides (R?OC?O?CO?R) react
with primary amines (R?NH2) or secondary amines (R2NH), the
reaction yields an amide:
O || R?C?NR2
where R may be an alkyl group or hydrogen atom.
For example, propanoyl chloride
( O ||CH3CH2C?Cl)
reacts with ethanamine (CH3CH2NH2) to form
(O || CH3CH2C?NHCH2CH3).
The IUPAC name for the product isN-ethyl propanamide, as
it is formed from ethanamine and propanoyl
chloride.
Match the names of the products for the following reactions.
Identify the products by dragging the appropriate labels...
Formation and Hydrolysis of Amides Identify the products by dragging the appropriate labels to their respective...
Formation and Hydrolysis of Amides
Identify the products by dragging the appropriate labels to
their respective targets.
Part A When acyl halides (R-COX) or acid anhydrides (R-OC-O-CO-R) react with primary amines (R-NH2) or secondary amines (R2 NH), the reaction yields an amide R-C-NR2 where R may be an alkyl group or hydrogen atom For example, propanoyl chloride |l reacts with ethanamine (CH3 CH2NH2) to form The IUPAC name for CH3 CH2C-Cl CH3 CH2C-NHCH2CHa the product is N-ethyl propanamide, as it...
1. LiAIHA 2. H2O H3C NH2 H3C NH2 Amides are reduced to amines by treatment with...
1. LiAIHA 2. H2O H3C NH2 H3C NH2 Amides are reduced to amines by treatment with LiAlH4. Two additions of hydride are required. The carbonyl oxygen atom is lost in complex with the aluminum. Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism. Arrow-pushing Instructions no XT ... AH, NH2 H3C7NH, 30-AIHz H3C 7 H20+ Ho, H. NH, NH3 HAC NHA H3C OH Amides can be hydrolyzed to yield carboxylic acids. The conditions are...
21-Ketones are easily reduced to secondary alcohols. b- Primary CH, CCH, a-Secondary alcohol alcohol C- to...
21-Ketones are easily reduced to secondary alcohols. b- Primary CH, CCH, a-Secondary alcohol alcohol C- to acetaldehyde acid d-to carboxylic 22-Ozonolysis of alkenes yields aa-ketones if one of the unsaturated carbon atoms is disubstituted b-alcohol C-carboxylic acid d-alkane 23-Aldehyde C=0 is more polarized than ketone C-0 because a-As in carbocations, more alkyl groups stabilize + character b-Ketone has more alkyl groups, stabilizing the C=0 carbon inductively cc- due to a and b d- none of the above 24-Aldehydes and unhindered...
Mechanism. While the reaction carried out in lab used potassium hydroxide as the catalyst, many other catalysts have be...
Mechanism. While the reaction carried out in lab used potassium hydroxide as the catalyst, many other catalysts have been developed to increase regioselectivity and stereoselectivity in aldol condensations. One small molecule catalyst commonly used is proline, a naturally occurring amino acid The mechanism involves the initial formation of an enamine; predict the structure of this enamine intermediate (intermediate A), and draw the mechanism for the conversion of intermediate A to а. intermediate B. Helpful Hint: The formation of the new...
using the general reaction scheme provided, what would he the reaction mechanism for O-Vanillin? NH2 H₂N...
using the general reaction scheme provided, what would he the
reaction mechanism for O-Vanillin?
NH2 H₂N -NH HN- R ! OH Amberlyst 15 Ethanol, NaBH OH HOC Unknown Carbonyl Compound (2 equivalents) НО
Cleaving Alkenes with Ozone (0) - treatment of alkenes with ozone followed by mild reduction leads...
Cleaving Alkenes with Ozone (0) - treatment of alkenes with ozone followed by mild reduction leads to the formation of ketones and aldehydes y 0, CHC-78 - Zn/H30 Zn/4309 malozonide ozonide 1.0, CH,Ch, -78° 2. Zn/H30* 1.O, CHÚC-78°. 2. Zn/H30* Cleaving Alkenes with Potassium Permanganate (KMnO4) - treatment of alkenes with KMnOin acidic solution leads to the formation of ketones and carboxylic acids: KMnO4, H,0* KMnO, H,O* KMnO4 H2O* Epoxidation of Alkenes-treatment of alkenes with peroxy acids leads to the...
ChemActivity 10: Oxidation and Reduction 145 Model 7: Primary (1°), Secondary (2°), and Tertiary (3°) Carbons...
ChemActivity 10: Oxidation and Reduction 145 Model 7: Primary (1°), Secondary (2°), and Tertiary (3°) Carbons The words methyl (0'), primary (1), secondary (2"), and tertiary (3) were used to describe the number of (nonhydrogen) R groups attached to a carbocation carbon (see CA 8). This same naming strategy is used to describe any carbon with one attached "heteroatom," Z (hetero other). H R Z any atom other than C or H (hetroatom) R- -z -Z н- alkyl (not H)...
ChemActivity 10: Oxidation and Reduction 145 Model 7: Primary (1°), Secondary (2°), and Tertiary (3°) Carbons...
ChemActivity 10: Oxidation and Reduction 145 Model 7: Primary (1°), Secondary (2°), and Tertiary (3°) Carbons The words methyl (0'), primary (1), secondary (2"), and tertiary (3) were used to describe the number of (nonhydrogen) R groups attached to a carbocation carbon (see CA 8). This same naming strategy is used to describe any carbon with one attached "heteroatom," Z (hetero other). H R Z any atom other than C or H (hetroatom) R- -z -Z н- alkyl (not H)...
Questions and Problems 553 ation for the reaction that would produse cach of the following amines...
Questions and Problems 553 ation for the reaction that would produse cach of the following amines b. N.Methylpropanamine c. N.N-Diethylpentanamine 15.37 Briefly explain why the lower molar massamines (lewer than five carbons) exhibit appreciable solubility in water 15.38 Why is the salt of an amine appreciably more soluble in water than the mine from which it was formed 15.39 Most drugs containing amine groups are not administered as the mine but rather the amount you suggeste son why? 15.40 Why...
When acyl halides (R?COX) or acid anhydrides (R?OC?O?CO?R) react
with primary amines (R?NH2) or secondary amines (R2NH), the
reaction yields an amide:
O || R?C?NR2
where R may be an alkyl group or hydrogen atom.
For example, propanoyl chloride
( O ||CH3CH2C?Cl)
reacts with ethanamine (CH3CH2NH2) to form
(O || CH3CH2C?NHCH2CH3).
The IUPAC name for the product isN-ethyl propanamide, as
it is formed from ethanamine and propanoyl
chloride.
Match the names of the products for the following reactions.
Identify the products by dragging the appropriate labels...
Formation and Hydrolysis of Amides
Identify the products by dragging the appropriate labels to
their respective targets.
Part A When acyl halides (R-COX) or acid anhydrides (R-OC-O-CO-R) react with primary amines (R-NH2) or secondary amines (R2 NH), the reaction yields an amide R-C-NR2 where R may be an alkyl group or hydrogen atom For example, propanoyl chloride |l reacts with ethanamine (CH3 CH2NH2) to form The IUPAC name for CH3 CH2C-Cl CH3 CH2C-NHCH2CHa the product is N-ethyl propanamide, as it...
1. LiAIHA 2. H2O H3C NH2 H3C NH2 Amides are reduced to amines by treatment with LiAlH4. Two additions of hydride are required. The carbonyl oxygen atom is lost in complex with the aluminum. Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism. Arrow-pushing Instructions no XT ... AH, NH2 H3C7NH, 30-AIHz H3C 7 H20+ Ho, H. NH, NH3 HAC NHA H3C OH Amides can be hydrolyzed to yield carboxylic acids. The conditions are...
21-Ketones are easily reduced to secondary alcohols. b- Primary CH, CCH, a-Secondary alcohol alcohol C- to acetaldehyde acid d-to carboxylic 22-Ozonolysis of alkenes yields aa-ketones if one of the unsaturated carbon atoms is disubstituted b-alcohol C-carboxylic acid d-alkane 23-Aldehyde C=0 is more polarized than ketone C-0 because a-As in carbocations, more alkyl groups stabilize + character b-Ketone has more alkyl groups, stabilizing the C=0 carbon inductively cc- due to a and b d- none of the above 24-Aldehydes and unhindered...
Mechanism. While the reaction carried out in lab used potassium hydroxide as the catalyst, many other catalysts have been developed to increase regioselectivity and stereoselectivity in aldol condensations. One small molecule catalyst commonly used is proline, a naturally occurring amino acid The mechanism involves the initial formation of an enamine; predict the structure of this enamine intermediate (intermediate A), and draw the mechanism for the conversion of intermediate A to а. intermediate B. Helpful Hint: The formation of the new...
using the general reaction scheme provided, what would he the
reaction mechanism for O-Vanillin?
NH2 H₂N -NH HN- R ! OH Amberlyst 15 Ethanol, NaBH OH HOC Unknown Carbonyl Compound (2 equivalents) НО
Cleaving Alkenes with Ozone (0) - treatment of alkenes with ozone followed by mild reduction leads to the formation of ketones and aldehydes y 0, CHC-78 - Zn/H30 Zn/4309 malozonide ozonide 1.0, CH,Ch, -78° 2. Zn/H30* 1.O, CHÚC-78°. 2. Zn/H30* Cleaving Alkenes with Potassium Permanganate (KMnO4) - treatment of alkenes with KMnOin acidic solution leads to the formation of ketones and carboxylic acids: KMnO4, H,0* KMnO, H,O* KMnO4 H2O* Epoxidation of Alkenes-treatment of alkenes with peroxy acids leads to the...
ChemActivity 10: Oxidation and Reduction 145 Model 7: Primary (1°), Secondary (2°), and Tertiary (3°) Carbons The words methyl (0'), primary (1), secondary (2"), and tertiary (3) were used to describe the number of (nonhydrogen) R groups attached to a carbocation carbon (see CA 8). This same naming strategy is used to describe any carbon with one attached "heteroatom," Z (hetero other). H R Z any atom other than C or H (hetroatom) R- -z -Z н- alkyl (not H)...
ChemActivity 10: Oxidation and Reduction 145 Model 7: Primary (1°), Secondary (2°), and Tertiary (3°) Carbons The words methyl (0'), primary (1), secondary (2"), and tertiary (3) were used to describe the number of (nonhydrogen) R groups attached to a carbocation carbon (see CA 8). This same naming strategy is used to describe any carbon with one attached "heteroatom," Z (hetero other). H R Z any atom other than C or H (hetroatom) R- -z -Z н- alkyl (not H)...
Questions and Problems 553 ation for the reaction that would produse cach of the following amines b. N.Methylpropanamine c. N.N-Diethylpentanamine 15.37 Briefly explain why the lower molar massamines (lewer than five carbons) exhibit appreciable solubility in water 15.38 Why is the salt of an amine appreciably more soluble in water than the mine from which it was formed 15.39 Most drugs containing amine groups are not administered as the mine but rather the amount you suggeste son why? 15.40 Why...
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