Describe how antibodies themselves can trigger the diminishment of B cell responses once they reach a certain concentration.
Answer :
Antibodies also called as immunoglobulins ,are proteins manufactured by the body that fight against foreign substances called antigens . Immune system is the body's natural defence system
Describe how antibodies themselves can trigger the diminishment of B cell responses once they reach a...
4) Antibodies can inactivate by directly binding to them, but to harm an intact bacterial cell, antibodies bound to antigens on the cell must trigger the action of A) MHC proteins: macrophages B) APC's the complement system c) bacterial toxins; the complement system D) virally infected cells interferans E) viruses, MHC proteins
Describe how Southern blot analysis can be used to determine B cell developmental stages in B cell lymphoma cell lines. Describe one example of how an innate immune mechanism and an adaptive mechanism work together to remove pathogens from the body.
Know how to calculate how long it will take an amoeba to reach a certain mass (in this questions, it was the mass of an elephant, which we had to guess ourselves), we were given that the doubling time for an amoeba is 23 hours. Also, remember that the size of an amoeba is the size of an average eukaryotic cell, not a bacterial cell. Find number of proteins in an amoeba, knowing that the concentration of proteins in an...
Produces antibodies; an activated B cell Related to T cells but show no antigen specificity; active against cancer and viral infections Reside throughout the RES; process and present foreign matter to lymphocytes Participate in cell-mediated immunity; modulate immune functions Nonmotile; bound to connective tissue; trigger local inflammatory reactions Small; second most common white blood cell; two types Scarcest type; function in inflammation and allergies; attract white blood cells toward site of infection Mature in bone marrow; part of memory; humoral...
15. Describe how antibodies may stop or prevent the steps of pathogenesis (may have to review chapter 15) 16. would B cell activation occur in a person whose T cells lack TCR or in a person who has no DC (dendritic cells)? Explain 17. Would T cell activation occur in a person who lacks the gene that specifies IL-2, IL-7, IL-15, CD 28 or B7? Explain
The neurotransmitter acetylcholine is capable of eliciting many different cellular responses depending upon the target cell. Describe two ways that this signaling specificity is produced. That is, how can the presence of this one signaling molecule produce different responses in different target cells?
23. How do genomic and cDNA libraries differ? Which can be screened with antibodies and why? 24. How are oligonucleotides, once important as probes for screening libraries, used today? 25. What is the difference between cloning and PCR? 26. Why did scientists push for the human genome to be sequenced?
29. T-cell independent antigens can a. stimulate B cells to multiply and produce antibodies b. induce Te cells to function c. restrict antibody formation activate macrophages activate Th cells 30. Mutation of DNA that produces an altered ribosome is an example of what type of bacterial resistance mechanism? a. alteration of a metabolic pathway b. alteration of an enzyme c. development of enzymes d. alteration of target & d 31. Which one of the following is not an attribute of...
Staphylococcus aureus can only cause disease when the cells reach a certain population size. Explain how S. aureus senses its cell density and activates gene expression. Based on this knowledge, discuss how antibacterial drugs can be designed to disrupt virulence and why these drugs have potential advantages over antibiotics to treat S. aureus infection.
Enumerating the viable and total cell concentration of a population of a microbial isolate can be a really laborious task for a microbiologist. Especially when a microbiologist studies the same isolate for several years, it often becomes practical to determine the relationship between optical density (OD) and cell concentration. Once this relationship (determined by a standard curve) is determined, the OD of an isolate in a broth can be routinely used to determine the population's concentration. Why must a standard...