Question

1. Identify a dependent variable and give examples of how it could be measured at each of the levels of measurement: nominal, ordinal, and interval/ratio level.

Think about research questions that may be addressed using the following statistical tests: (Post one question for each test)

* ANOVA
* T-test

State how the DV is measured.

Please include your reference in APA format

2. Pls Search American Hospital Association website  http://www.aha.org/aha/about/index.

Click on issues and select one issue to explore. Report on what you have learned about the issue and consider the implications for nursing. Support your answer with citations (APA format )from (2) journal articles.

Answer 1

The dependent variable example is A STUDY DONE TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A NEW PATCH TO HELP SMOKERS STOP SMOKING. Here the independent variable is the new patch and dependent variable is the smokers. This can be measured at different scales #NOMINAL: here the score for each subject is placed into 2 or more categories. Mostly the nominal data are frequencies or counts of the number of subjects or measurements which falls under same category. In the above example the nominal is were the outcome measure is smoking status. Each subject falls into one of 2 categories smoking or not smoking. ORDINAL: Unlike nominal data there is a distinct and agreed upon order of these groups or categories. This data is symbolised with number of ranking. In the above example an ordinal measure could be used by asking each sample whether she /he smoked more or less or as same this week as compared to last week. INTERVAL/RATIO: in this level there is a specification of ranking of objects on an attribute of the distance between those objects. Measuring the interval level gives you more information because it tells you how much differs in measurement. Here as of above example a scale of control can be given rating from 1to 10. THE QUESTION POSTED FOR ANOVA TEST Is : Describe the analysis of ANOVA one way classification. What do you do when the assumptions are not filled? For T TEST QUESTION: Define parametric test and explain in detail the t test and difference between paired t test and unpaired t test. The dependent variable is that what you measure in the intervention and what is affected during the intervention. EX: you are interested in how the level of stress contributes in alteration of heart rate on humans. The independent variable here is stress and dependent heart rate. The manipulation of stress level can be done in samples and measurement of how stress levels change can be monitored using stress rating scale and pulse monitoring. REFERENCES # Suresh K Sharma. Text book of nursing research and statistics. Second edition;else vier publication, pg no: 442 - 450 THE ISSUE WHAT I WANTED TO EXPLORE FROM THE LINK IS "REDUCING HOSPITAL VIOLENCE ISSUES". I learned this because violent behaviour in the hospital is always a priority which can occur from internal or external source. The major violence occur in the emergency department and we have heard lot of incidents of harm to self and others from patient, patient party and the staff. The implications in nursing is that #each hospital will hav interaction between patients and other staff and nurses are the one on floor to always be with patients which brings down morale. # the staff retention with anxiety and absenteeism is on the rise. # the violence can also be of physical and sexual which can be prevented in nursing by security, environmental control and training to prevent the violence. THE JOURNAL CITATION IS :# Michael KM, Lips combine JA. Workplace violence in health care: recognised but not regulated. Online J issues Nursing. 2004;9.#Jessica gacki, Altar M. Violence against nurses working in US emergency departments.The journal of nursing administration. Volume 39,number 7/8;2009.