Question

discuss the metabolism of ethanol with respect to the following: the roles of alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase, the rate of alcohol metabolism as a function of blood alcohol levels, and the general mechanism or mechanisms by which acute high-dose and chronic moderate alcohol consumption effect alimination of many other drugs that undergo hepatic metabolism.

Answer 1

The primary enzymes involved in alcohol metabolism are alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase, both of these variables in turn are affected by the absorption of ethanol into the blood stream and tissues as well as by ethanol metabolism. ADH converts ethanol to acetaldehyde and ALDH converts acetaldehyde to acetate. Alcoholics tend to develop tolerance and often need to drink more alcohol to experience the same effects that attracted considerable interest due to their role in the metabolism of ethanol consumed as part of the diet P450s and ADH.

Alcohol can affect the pharmacokinetics of drugs by altering gastric emptying or liver metabolism of many drugs depends on adequate hepatic... little difference between toxic and theraeuptic doses.

Some of these interactions can occur even at moderate drinking levels and many medications are metabolized , frequently by the same enzymes. e. g people who consume alcohol with a meal shortly before or after taking a medication after drinking to prevent a hangover that fal into two general categories that is pharmacokinetic and pharmaco dynamic.

Immune modulators are associated with a immune risk of liver damage which is increased in combination with alcohol. The agents inhibit ADJ in the stomach, there by reducing alcohol first pass metabolism as well as increase gastric emptying.

Several muscle relaxants when taken with alcohol may produce a certain narcotic like reaction that includes extreme weakness, dizzines, agitation, euphoria, and confusion.

Alcohol effects on the metabolism and activities of various medications have been well documented in chronic heavy drinks. Those effects most likely to be clinically significant are the risk of over sedation resulting from the combination of benzodiazepines and alcohol and the interaction of alcohol with warfarin with the desired therapeutic actions of a medication.