Question

• What is the best location to check for skin turgor for light and dark skinned patients? 1
• Define the following normal breath sounds and where would you find them on the anterior and posterior chest: vesicular, bronchovesicular, bronchial. 3
• Explain the following terms related to the heart assessment: point of maximal impulse, S1, S2. 3
• Where are the following areas located in the heart: aortic area, pulmoonic area, erbs point, tricuspid area, mitral area? 5
• Define the following terms related to the abdomen: distention, peristalsis, borborygmi. 3
• What is the purpose of the Glascow coma scale? 1
• Briefly explain the 2 types of aphasia. 1

Answer 1

1, In the lower arm or abdomen skin turgor, it can be checked for both dark-skinned and light-skinned people.
2, Two normal breath sounds are bronchial breathing when breath sound heard on the tracheobronchial tree and when breath sound heard on lung tissue is called vesicular breathing.
Vesicular breath sound is low in pitch, rustling sound, it is heard anteriorly in 1st and 2nd intercostal space and posteriorly between scapula.
Bronchiovesicular breath sounds are loud and high pitch sound during inspiration and expiration. it heard posteriorly between scapula and center part on anterior chest.
Bronchial breath sounds heard over the manubrium anteriorly, posteriorly between C7 and T3 vertebrae. it will be a normal breath sound
3, Point of maximal impulse palpated on chest walls at 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line.
S1 heart sound occurs when the beginning of systole, it can be heard over apex.
S2 heart sound occurs when the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valve, can be heard over the base of the heart.
S3 heart sound occurs after s2 when the mitral valve opens. it can be heard at the cardiac apex.
4, Aortic area - right sternal edge of the 2nd intercostal space
Pulmonic area-2nd left intercostal space, left sternal border
Erb's point - Left sternal border, third left intercostal space
Tricuspid area-left sternal border, 4th left intercostal space
Mitral area - 5th intercostal space, left mid-clavicular area.