Question

CASE STUDY A 19-year-old female college student presents to the emergency department complaining of chest tightness and dyspnea. She was cutting and trimming the lawn when these symptoms developed. Rhinorrhea and tearing began soon after she went outside and preceded the chest discomfort. Going inside did not relieve her symptoms. During the physical examination, she said, "I have had asthma since childhood, and my mother and brother also have asthma." Her respiratory rate was 30 breaths per minute, and she exhibited the use of accessory muscles of respiration. Breath sounds were decreased, except for expiratory wheezes. Heart sounds were distant with tachycardia, but regular. Identify appropriate laboratory tests. Indicate what therapies might be initiated. What worsening signs and symptoms may manifest?

Answer 1

1, lab test:
Spirometry breathing test measures the airway obstruction
Peakflow measure the lungs worsening condition due to asthma
Methacholine challenge if spirometry test did not produce the correct diagnose it finds the airway obstruction
Exhaled nitric oxide test measures the amount of nitric oxide in a breath.
X-ray chest finds out causing other asthma symptoms
Therapies:
Corticosteroids lower the risk and side effects
Long-lasting beta-agonist lower asthma deterioration
Theophylline is a bronchodilator to expand the lung capacity
Leukotriene modifier help relieve asthma symptoms
a short-acting beta-agonist to relieve asthma symptoms quickly.
Worsening signs and symptoms:
cough day and night
wheezing and shortness of breath
chest tightness
Lung infection and the collapse of the lung
Respiratory failure
2, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exhibited by Mr.s due to COPD symptoms of shortness of breath, cough, it increases when exposed to allergic substances, dyspnea. PFT shows decrease tidal volume due to upper airway obstruction.vlomen of air in the lungs during full expiration increase the total lung capacity. when the lung pushes the diaphragm down due to hyperinflation there will be downward pushing of the diaphragm. hyper resonant sound on percussion can be heard when hyperinflated of air.