Homework Answers
Limonene is a chemical present in the lemon. It has two different chiral isomers. It can be easily separated by steam distillation methods. During the steam distillation methods always an excess amount of water should be used. If the amount of water in the distillation chamber is less than 50% then it will form a solid jam-like materials which are very difficult to separate. So always an excess amount of water is used.
If more than 1 cm3 volume of Br2 is used then it will react with the double bond present in the limonene. As a result, it will be the brominated product of limonene. The molecular formula will C10H13Br4.
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Why is a large excess of water used in the distilling flask in the steam distillation...
Post lab question help. This lab was about extracting limonene from orange peels. Chemical tests were...
Post lab question help. This lab was about extracting limonene from
orange peels. Chemical tests were then done with limonene using Br2
and MnO4.
a. A pure sample of (R)-limonene has a specific rotation of +125.6". If a sample had a specific rotation of +80.4º, how much of each enantiomer is present in the sample? Show your work b. Why is a large excess of water used in the distilling flask in the steam distillation of limonene? c. After your...
What physical property is used to separate chemicals by distillation? Why is steam distillation used with...
What physical property is used to separate chemicals by distillation? Why is steam distillation used with limonene instead of a simple distillation?
what is the purpose of steam distillation and why is it used instead of simple distillation in limonene extraction from...
what is the purpose of steam distillation and why is it used instead of simple distillation in limonene extraction from orange peel
Fractionating column Thermometer Thermometer adapter Distilling head Round-bottom distilling flask Clamps Condenser Water tubing for cooling...
Fractionating column Thermometer Thermometer adapter Distilling head Round-bottom distilling flask Clamps Condenser Water tubing for cooling Vacuum adapter Boiling chips/stones/beads Round-bottom receiving flask Heating mantle Beaker for hot water bath Hot plate Closed-end capillary tubes (same as used with melting point) Small or medium test tube Rubber bands Reagents 1. Ethanol 2. DI water Above are the materials and products used in the fractional distillation procedure. Come up with 2 aspects of the protocol that are not green.
Distillation 11 4. The organic liaud in Sicam distillatior vaporites at: a) Lower temperature than its...
Distillation 11 4. The organic liaud in Sicam distillatior vaporites at: a) Lower temperature than its boiling point b) Higher temperature than its boiling point c) At its boiling point d) None of the mentioned 2. In steam distillation, the liquid boils when th allation, the liquid boils when the sum of the organic liquid vapor pressure and the water vapor pressure is: a) Greater than atmospheric pressure b) Lesser than atmospheric pressure Equals to atmospheric pressure d) None of...
a. Is distillation a purification or a characterization technique? Explain. b. Where the thermometer bulb should...
a. Is distillation a purification or a characterization technique? Explain. b. Where the thermometer bulb should be placed in order to measure the temperature of the hot vapor accurately during distillation? c. What is the purpose of the “packing” in a fractional distillation column? d. Why should a distillation flask never be more than ¾ full before starting a distillation? e. You are fractionally distilling 100 mL of a 1:1 solution of cyclohexane and toluene. After 2 mL has distilled...
Pre-lab questions 1. What is the basis for separation of compounds using distillation? Why is it...
Pre-lab questions 1. What is the basis for separation of compounds using distillation? Why is it possible to separate ethanol from water using distillation? 2. What is the difference between simple and fractional distillation? Why does fractional distillation give a much better separation of substances? 3. When is vacuum distillation used, and why is it used? 4. What is an azeotrope? How does this apply to the separation we are doing in this experiment? 5. What intermolecular forces are being...
1) Why is the column packing material used in the fractional distillation column? 2) What should...
1) Why is the column packing material used in the fractional distillation column? 2) What should be the characteristic features of an ideal column packing material? 3) Two fractional distillations are run with identical mixed samples of two liquids using different columns. In apparatus A, the column is 15 em long, and in apparatus B, the column is 25 cm long. Will one apparatus provide any better separation of the mixture then the other? If so which one and why?...
Why is ethylene oxide used instead of water(steam) for steralization of medical equipment. What physical properties...
Why is ethylene oxide used instead of water(steam) for steralization of medical equipment. What physical properties makes the molecule better? what makes it worse? (if needed use pictures)
4.33 Give the product formed when each of the following alkenes reacts with a large excess...
4.33 Give the product formed when each of the following alkenes reacts with a large excess of hydrogen in the presence of P/C. a) l.pentene (b) (E)-1,3-hexadiene (a) Give the structures of five alkenes, each with the formula C H. that would give hexane as the product of catalytie hydrogenation. (b) How many alkenes containing one double bond can react with H, over a Pu/C catalyst to give methyleyclopentane? Give their structures. (Hint: See Study Problem 49. p. 158.)
Post lab question help. This lab was about extracting limonene from
orange peels. Chemical tests were then done with limonene using Br2
and MnO4.
a. A pure sample of (R)-limonene has a specific rotation of +125.6". If a sample had a specific rotation of +80.4º, how much of each enantiomer is present in the sample? Show your work b. Why is a large excess of water used in the distilling flask in the steam distillation of limonene? c. After your...
Distillation 11 4. The organic liaud in Sicam distillatior vaporites at: a) Lower temperature than its boiling point b) Higher temperature than its boiling point c) At its boiling point d) None of the mentioned 2. In steam distillation, the liquid boils when th allation, the liquid boils when the sum of the organic liquid vapor pressure and the water vapor pressure is: a) Greater than atmospheric pressure b) Lesser than atmospheric pressure Equals to atmospheric pressure d) None of...
Pre-lab questions 1. What is the basis for separation of compounds using distillation? Why is it possible to separate ethanol from water using distillation? 2. What is the difference between simple and fractional distillation? Why does fractional distillation give a much better separation of substances? 3. When is vacuum distillation used, and why is it used? 4. What is an azeotrope? How does this apply to the separation we are doing in this experiment? 5. What intermolecular forces are being...
1) Why is the column packing material used in the fractional distillation column? 2) What should be the characteristic features of an ideal column packing material? 3) Two fractional distillations are run with identical mixed samples of two liquids using different columns. In apparatus A, the column is 15 em long, and in apparatus B, the column is 25 cm long. Will one apparatus provide any better separation of the mixture then the other? If so which one and why?...
4.33 Give the product formed when each of the following alkenes reacts with a large excess of hydrogen in the presence of P/C. a) l.pentene (b) (E)-1,3-hexadiene (a) Give the structures of five alkenes, each with the formula C H. that would give hexane as the product of catalytie hydrogenation. (b) How many alkenes containing one double bond can react with H, over a Pu/C catalyst to give methyleyclopentane? Give their structures. (Hint: See Study Problem 49. p. 158.)
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