Question

A recent report suggests that a disproportionate number of people killed in roadway crashes in Atlanta are low-income residents. Please describe several possible factors that contribute to this problem and what (if anything) can be done to improve the situation.

Answer 1

Answer:-

In 2016, 2,433 teens in the United States ages 16–19 were killed and 292,742 were treated in emergency departments for injuries suffered in motor vehicle crashes.1 That means that six teens ages 16–19 died every day due to motor vehicle crashes and hundreds more were injured.

In 2016, young people ages 15-19 represented 6.5% of the U.S. population. However, they accounted for an estimated $13.6 billion (8.4%) of the total costs of motor vehicle injuries.

In the middle of a four-lane roadway in one of Miami’s poorest neighborhoods, Carl Jones stood over a solid double yellow line as he waited to cross one morning in 2012.

Just before a vehicle voyaging west could pass, another vehicle heading the other way hit Jones, sending the vagrant airborne. Police discovered him in excess of a hundred feet away; he kicked the bucket at a clinic presently. The driver never halted.

Autos as often as possible shoot down the three eastward paths of that stretch of Miami's NW 79th Street. About portion of the area's inhabitants live beneath the destitution line, and a significant number of them must stroll to and from work, or to the store. That regularly makes for a savage blend. Over a five-year time frame starting in 2008, four people on foot were struck and killed in a similar square between N Miami Avenue and NE First Avenue.

“Practically every day,” says a clerk at the Victory Foodmart across the street, “you hear horns beeping and tires screeching.”Miami’s 79th Street is an especially dangerous thruway. But it exemplifies a troubling reality of urban areas across the country:  

Person on foot passings are significantly more typical in low-pay zones than in happier parts of a city. Generally speaking, the quantity of people on foot murdered across the nation has ticked up lately, even as vehicular movement fatalities declined.

No distributed national information evaluate salary or destitution status of those executed in auto collisions. Be that as it may, as per a Governing examination of mishap area arranges for the in excess of 22,000 people on foot slaughtered across the country somewhere in the range of 2008 and 2012, poorer neighborhoods have excessively higher rates of walker passings. In the country's metro territories, the base third of Census tracts, regarding per capita pay, recorded passerby casualty rates twice that of higher pay tracts. Similar remains constant for high-destitution networks.

The factors in the physical environment that are important to health include harmful substances, such as air pollution or proximity to toxic sites (the focus of classic environmental epidemiology);  

access to different wellbeing related assets (e.g., solid or unfortunate nourishments, recreational assets, therapeutic consideration); and network plan and the "constructed condition" (e.g., arrive utilize blend, road availability, transportation frameworks).

The earth can influence wellbeing through physical exposures, for example, air contamination (OECD, 2012b). A huge assemblage of work has reported the impacts of presentation to particulate issue (strong particles and fluid beads found noticeable all around) on cardiovascular and respiratory mortality and horribleness (Brook et al., 2010; Laumbach and Kipen, 2012; Mustafić et al., 2012; Tzivian, 2011). Research has recognized explicit physiologic systems by which these exposures influence incendiary, autonomic, and vascular procedures (Brook et al., 2010; Tzivian, 2011).

The impacts of particulate issue on mortality seem, by all accounts, to be steady crosswise over nations. For instance, an ongoing survey of concentrates from the late 1990s to mid-2000s found a steady converse connection between airborne particulate issue and birth weight in Australia, Brazil, Canada, France, Italy, the Netherlands, South Korea, the United Kingdom, and the United States (Parker et al., 2011a). Another striking model is the proof connecting lead exposures to psychological advancement in youngsters (Bellinger, 2008; Levin et al., 2008).