Question

Identify the two important classes of catalysts and describe the difference between each.

Choose a catalyst that exists in the human body. Explain its importance and how it works.

Analyze the chemical reactions that take place when a biological catalyst combines with a reactant (substrate) to form an unstable intermediate.

Answer 1

Following is the - complete Answer -&- Explanation: for the above : Questions: in...typed format...

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$\Rightarrow$Question - 1:

$\Rightarrow$Answer:

Mainly the two important classes, of catalysts: are the following:

1. Homogeneous catalyst
2. Heterogeneous catalyst

$\Rightarrow$Explanation:

From the above: Answers: we get to know, the following descriptions.

$\Rightarrow$Homogeneous catalysts: Homogeneous catalysts, are catalysts, for which: both the catalyst , and the reaction mixture: exist in the same phase. And, the catalyst, mixes, homogeneously, with the reaction mixture, in these cases.

$\Rightarrow$Heterogeneous catalysts:  Heterogeneous catalyst, are catalysts, which don't mix well enough with the reaction mixture. In this case: the catalyst, and the reaction mixture: remain in different phases, and thereby they on't form a homogeneous mixture.

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$\Rightarrow$Question - 2:

$\Rightarrow$Answer:

Amylase, is a catalyst, which exists, in Human body. Its function, and the working procedure, is discussed below, under section: Explanation...

$\Rightarrow$Explanation:

Amylase, is an Enzyme: which catalyzes, the reaction of hydrolysis: of starch: into sugar. Amylase: exist in the saliva: of Humans.

The Enzyme: molecules, catalyze the reactions by binding to the active sites: of the reactants / substrates, and catalyzes, the reactions, either by binding the substrate molecules, OR by breaking the substrate molecules, into multiple pieces, OR products.

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$\Rightarrow$Question - 3:

$\Rightarrow$Answer:

The Enzyme ( E ) , and the Substrate ( S ) , i.e. reactant, molecule, combine to form an Intermediate ( ES ), which after further dissociation, forms: the Product ( P ) , and re-generates, the Enzyme ( E ).

$\Rightarrow$Explanation:

We can show, and represent, a catalytic reaction, by the following sequence of reactions, i.e. the process of the reaction, as the following:

$\Rightarrow$E + S $\rightleftharpoons$ ES   $\rightleftharpoons$ E + P , here, we will get the following:

1. E = Enzyme
2. S = Substrate / Reactant
3. ES = Intermediate
4. P =   Product
5. k_f1 = Reaction rate constant, for the first reaction in the forward direction. ( i.e. E + S $\rightleftharpoons$ ES )
6. k_r1 =   Reaction rate constant, for the reverse reaction, of the first reaction
7. k_f2 = Reaction rate constant, for the second reaction in forward direction ( i.e. ES   $\rightleftharpoons$ E + P )
8. k_r2 = Reaction rate constant, for the second reaction, in reverse direction

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