Question

Medication Administration Competency NUR 319 Critical Areas: Student must state information about each med. Classification Mechanism of action Why is your client taking this drug? Nursing Implications Adverse Effects NPH Novolin insulin 2 Regular Novolin Insulin 3 Nitroglycerin 4Heparin S Thiamine Furosemide Losartan Potassium Hydrochlorathiazide Lanoxin Metropolol RTramadol a Cipro (o Toradol Docusate Sodium Prof. CP June 2019

Answer 1

Answer1

NPH Novolin insulin

classification

Therapeutic-- Antidiabetics, hormone.

pharmacologic-- Pancreatics

MECHANISM OF ACTION.

1. It helps in the conversion of glucose to glycogen, also lowers the blood glucose level and increase the absorption of glucose in the cells.

2. it helps in conversion of amino acid into the protein in the muscles and stimulates the formation of triglycerides.

3. it inhibits the release of free fatty acids.

THERAPEUTIC EFFECT.

it controls blood glucose level in the human body.

WHY IS CLIENT TAKING THIS DRUG

1. To treat insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.

2. to manage non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus that cant be controlled with diet, oral hypoglycemic agent and lifestyle modification.

NURSING IMPLICATIONS

assessment

1, assess for hypoglycemia such as cold, sweats, anxiety, chills, etc..

2. monitor weight, if there is the change in weight may indicate the need to change in insulin dose as well.

3. blood glucose and ketone test should be performed every 6 hourly to check the effectiveness of the therapy.

4. use insulin syringe only to administer insulin.

5. do not mix one insulin type with any other type of insulin.

6. infusion should be given only with the prescription of physicians.

7. it should be given only through subcutaneous route if the infusion is not indicated.

8. Always check blood glucose level before administering insulin to the individual.

9. NOTE GLUCOSE LEVEL AND REPORT IT TO THE PHYSICIAN.

ADVERSE EFFECTS

hypoglycemia,

urticaria

lipodystrophy,

redness,

swelling,

lipohypertrophy,

Answer 2.

REGULAR NOVOLIN INSULIN

classification

Therapeutic-- Antidiabetics, hormone.

pharmacologic-- Pancreatics

MECHANISM OF ACTION.

1. It helps in the conversion of glucose to glycogen, also lowers the blood glucose level and increase the absorption of glucose in the cells.

2. it helps in conversion of amino acid into the protein in the muscles and stimulates the formation of triglycerides.

3. it inhibits the release of free fatty acids.

THERAPEUTIC EFFECT.

it controls blood glucose level in the human body.

WHY IS CLIENT TAKING THIS DRUG

1. To treat insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.

2. to manage non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus that cant be controlled with diet, oral hypoglycemic agent and lifestyle modification.

NURSING IMPLICATIONS

1. Regular insulin is the only insulin that is administered intravenously.

2. do not use if it becomes cloudy.

3. High concentration regular insulin U 500 should be given intravenously.

4. can be given directly undiluted through iv.

5. check for y site compatibility.

6. check for the symptoms of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia.

7.infusion should be started only after prescription.

8. do not mix one insulin type with any other type of insulin.

9. Always check blood glucose level before administering insulin to the individual.

9. NOTE GLUCOSE LEVEL AND REPORT IT TO THE PHYSICIAN.

ADVERSE EFFECTS

hypoglycemia,

urticaria

lipodystrophy,

redness,

swelling,

Answer3

Nitroglycerine

classification

Therapeutic--Antianginals

pharmacologic-- nitrates

MECHANISM OF ACTION.

1. it helps in increasing coronary blood flow by dilating the coronary vessels by enhancing blood flow to the collateral ischemic region.

2. it provides vasodilation, reduces myocardial oxygen consumption,

3. gives relief from anginal pain.

4. increases cardiac output and reduces blood pressure.

WHY IS CLIENT TAKING THIS DRUG

1. management of acute and long term angina pectoris,

2. treatment of congestive heart failure.

3. treatment of adjunct myocardial infarction.

4. to manage blood pressure during surgeries.

5. management of chronic congestive heart failure.

NURSING IMPLICATIONS

1. assess the location, duration and the precipitated factor of anginal pain.

2. assess vital signs such as blood pressure and the pulse before administering nitroglycerine to the patient.

3.lab test to check elevated catecholamines and the serum concentration of the blood.

4. for infusion dose should be diluted before administration.

5. it should be given 1 hour before food and 2hour after food.

ADVERSE EFFECTS

CNS- dizziness, headache, weakness, restlessness,

EENT--Blurred vision.

CARDIOVASCULAR-- hypotension, tachycardia, syncope etc.

GI-- abdominal pain, nause, vomiting etc.

Answer 4

HEPARIN

classification

Therapeutic-- ANTICOAGULANTS

pharmacologic-- ANTITHROMBOTICS

MECHANISM OF ACTION.

1. an inhibitory effect on thrombin,

2. in low dose it helps in prevents the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin by its effect on the coagulating factor xa

3. higher dose prevents the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.

4. prevention of thrombus formation.

WHY IS CLIENT TAKING THIS DRUG

treatment of various thromboembolic disorders,

pulmonary embolism, atrial fibrillation with embolism,

used to maintain the patency of iv catheters.

acute and chronic coagulopathies treatment.

NURSING IMPLICATIONS

1.assess the patient for bleeding and hemorrhage,

2. monitor for the hypersensitive reaction.

3. observe the injection site for hematoma, urticaria, etc.

4. monitor PT and INR values on a regular basis.

5. always keep protamine sulfate available of toxicity occurs.

6. always check dose, route and the indication before administration of heparin.

7.dilute in NaCl and the D5 for continuous infusion.

8. check for the Y site compatibility when administering more than one drug to the same route.

ADVERSE EFFECTS

hepatitis related to the drug

alopecia, urticaria and the rashes

pain at the injection site.

anemia, thrombocytopenia,

hypersensitivity, fever, etc..

ANSWER 5.

THIAMINE

classification

Therapeutic-- VITAMINS

pharmacologic-- WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS

MECHANISM OF ACTION.

It is needed for the metabolism of carbohydrates,

replacement when vitamin deficiency occurs.

WHY IS CLIENT TAKING THIS DRUG

Thiamine deficiencies,

prevention of Wernicke's encephalopathy.

supplement in a patient with GI disorders, alcoholism, and the cirrhosis.

NURSING IMPLICATIONS

1. assess the nutritional status of the patient.

2. assess the deficiency level of thiamine such as palpitations, irritability, tachycardia, etc.

3. check for the route of administration.

4. for continuous infusion, it is diluted in the ringers lactate

5. encourage client for dietary intake of thiamine.

6. check lab values for the thiamine.

7. check for the improvement.