Question

Furosemide Losartan Potassium Hydrochlorathiazide Lanoxin Metropolol 8 Tramadol aCipro (0 Toradol Docusate Sodium

also include route & dosage & generic and trade name for all please. thank you ?

Answer 1

ANSWER 6

FRUSEMIDE

CLASSIFICATION;

PHARMACOLOGIC: LOOP DIURETICS

THERAPEUTIC: DIURETICS

MECHANISM OF ACTION

It doesn't allow the flow of the sodium and the chloride from the loop of Henle and the distal renal tubule.

it increases the secretion of water, sodium, chloride, magnesium, hydrogen, and calcium from the kidney.

it has the peripheral vasodilatory effect.it helps in excretion of excess fluid from the body and also it lowers blood pressure.

WHY IS THE CLIENT TAKING THIS DRUG

1. Edema due to congestive heart failure, hepatic or renal disease.

2. hypertension,

3. hypercalcemia.

NURSING IMPLICATION

1. assess the fluid status within the body of the individual

2. monitor weight, input-output ratio, amount and the location of the edema, skin turgor.

3. monitor blood pressure and the pulse before administering this medication.

4. hearing loss is most common in a patient receiving this drug, check for the hearing and the tinnitus.

5. asses if the patient is allergic to sulfonamides.

ADVERSE EFFECTS

1. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

dizziness, encephalopathy, insomnia, nervousness, etc.

2. EENT

TINNITUS, HERING LOSS.

3. CARDIOVASCULAR

low blood pressure.

4. Gastrointestinal

NAUSEA, VOMITING, DIARRHEA, CONSTIPATION, DRY MOUTH ETC.

5.EXCESSIVE URINATION.

6. HYPERGLYCEMIA, DEHYDRATION, HYPOCHLOREMIA, HYPOVOLEMIA, HYPONATREMIA, METABOLIC ALKALOSIS

ETC.

ROUTE AND DOSES

ORAL TAB 20 MG, 40 MG, 80 MG

INTRAVASCULAR, INTRAMUSCULAR 10 MG / ML

ANSWER 7

  

LANOXIN/ DIGOXIN

CLASSIFICATION;

PHARMACOLOGIC: DIGITALIS GLYCOSIDES

THERAPEUTIC: : ANTIARRYTHMIC, INOTROPICS

MECHANISM OF ACTION

1. increases the myocardial contraction force.

2. it increases the length of the refractory period of the AV node.

3. increases cardiac output and slows the rate.

WHY IS THE CLIENT TAKING THIS DRUG

treatment of congestive heart failure

treatment of tachyarrythmias

to treat atrial fibrillation and the atrial flutter.

   NURSING IMPLICATION

1. monitor pulse for a full 1 minute.

notify the physician if the pulse is less than 60in adult, less than 70 in children and less than 90 in an infant.

2. monitor bp on a regular basis.

3. observe iv sire for swelling, infiltration, etc.

4. monitor intake output chart, edema, and auscultate lungs throughout the therapy.

5. serum test has to be done periodically for hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypercalcemia, to check if a patient has developed the digitalis toxicity.

6. serum digoxin level should be maintained up to 0.5 to 2 ng/ml.

   ADVERSE EFFECTS

CNS---- weakness, fatigue, headache

EENT--- blurred vision, yellow vision.

CV-- bradycardia, ECG changes.

GI-- nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, etc..

ENDO-- GYNECOMASTIA

ANSWER 8

TRAMADOL

CLASSIFICATION

THERAPEUTIC: : ANALGESICS

MECHANISM OF ACTION

Binds to MU opioids receptor

it inhibits the serotonin and the norepinephrine reuptake.

decrease pain.

WHY IS THE CLIENT TAKING THIS DRUG

it is given in moderate to moderately severe pain.

   NURSING IMPLICATION

1. asses intensity, type and the location of the pain after administering tramadol.

2. assess blood pressure and the respiratory rate.

3. asses bowel function routinely.

4. assess the previous history and is not recommended for the patient dependant on opioids.

5. if more than the recommended dose is given may lead to seizures.

6. may cause an elevation in serum creatinine level.

   ADVERSE EFFECTS

dizziness, headache, confusion, somnolence, anxiety, CNS stimulation, euphoria, malaise, dry mouth, diarrhea, pruritis, sweating, etc..

ANSWER 9

CIPROFLOXACIN

CIPROFLOXACIN

CLASSIFICATION

THERAPEUTIC: ANTI INFECTIVE

PHARMACOLOGIC : FLUROQUINOLONES

MECHANISM OF ACTION

inhibits bacterial DNA  synthesis.

kills susceptible bacteria like gram-positive, Staphylococcus aureus, E Coli, Enterobacter, salmonella, etc.

    WHY IS THE CLIENT TAKING THIS DRUG

Treatment of urinary tract and the gynecologic infections,

gonorrhea, prostatitis, respiratory tract infections, etc

NURSING IMPLICATION

asses the patient for infections such as from wounds, sputum urine and stools.

obtain specimen culture before starting therapy.

observe for anaphylaxis signs and symptoms.

it may cause crystalluria and increase BUN and serum creatinine concentrations.

    ADVERSE EFFECTS

dizziness, drowsiness, headache, insomnia, acute psychoses, agitation, confusion, hallucinations, increased ICP, lightheadedness, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, hypersensitivity reactions, etc..

Route and Dose

500 mg to 750 mg q 12 hourly is given in most of the infections.

TORADOL    ANSWER 10

CLASSIFICATION

THERAPEUTIC: NSAIDS AND NON OPIOID ANALGESICS

PHARMACOLOGIC: PYRROXILINE CARBOXYLIC ACID   

MECHANISM OF ACTION

inhibits prostaglandin synthesis,

producing peripherally mediated analgesia,

it acts as antipyretic and anti-inflammatory.

WHY IS THE CLIENT TAKING THIS DRUG

it is used for the management of pain for a shorter period, it should not exceed for more than 5 days including all routes and doses.

   NURSING IMPLICATION

asses for hypersensitivity reaction in a patient with asthma, allergy, etc,

assess pain before 1 to 2 hours prior to administration.

assess for bleeding after 24 to 48 hours of following administration.

assess for increased BUN, serum creatinine and the potassium concentration.

   ADVERSE EFFECTS

drowsiness, abnormal thinking, dizziness, headache, euphoria, edema, pallor, diarrhea, nausea, dry mouth, renal toxicity, purpura, sweating, urticaria, prolonged bleeding time, injection site pain, etc,

  

ANSWER 11.

DOCUSATE SODIUM

CLASSIFICATION

THERAPEUTIC: LAXATIVES

PHARMACOLOGIC: STOOL SOFTNERS

MECHANISM OF ACTION

Promotes water incorporation into the stool

it may promote water and the electrolyte secretion into the stool.

it softens the stool for easy passage.

WHY IS THE CLIENT TAKING THIS DRUG

Prevention of constipation, used as an enema to soften stool impaction.

   NURSING IMPLICATION

asses for abdominal distention, presence of bowel sounds, and usual bowel pattern,

asses for color, consistency and the amount of stool.

only administer for short term

  

  ADVERSE EFFECTS

mild cramps, throat irritation