Question

Post-Laboratory Questions-EXP 3 Nitration of Aromatic Compounds Name: Due after completing the lab. 1. Why is concentrated sulfuric acid employed in this reaction? What is the electrophile that is produced by the reaction of sulfuric acid and nitric acid? 2. Why is it important to maintain the reaction temperature low and the addition of nitric acid-sulfuric acid mixture carried out slowly? 3. Explain why concentrated H2SO, not concentrated HCl, was used in this experiment? 4. Which ring of phenyl benzoate would you expect to undergo nitration more easily? Explain. 5. Which is nitrated faster, toluene or phenol? Explain,
3-5 pls

Answer 1

solution: ① Nitronium ion formation mechanism - - rabat 1834 son = 0=N=0 + H2O Nitronium ion. The role of H₂SO4 is acid. It donate of ion to HNO3 The nitronium ion (o=o=o) electrophile generated in this reaction. H₂ Sou-dehydrating agent - » This reaction carried out at low temperature because while addition of H₂Sose into A HNO3 exotherm is happening. As we know HNO is a potent oxidizer and hence unstable to heat and easily can be broken down to brown nitrogen oxide withon nitrogen oxide without other chemical present ③ As we know while preparing a=N=0 in water is gener a byproduct- Thus M2504 is dehydrating agent and it avoid to heat generation, by consuming water molecule. .. H2SO4 used in this reaction and not a Hd. HNO3 BU AL-AJHNOS son of No2 Deactivating Activating Phenyl ring directly attach to (c=0) carbonyl which is deactivating and the other is directly attach to oxygen which can donate lone pairs and hence activating.

CH3 OH than. Phenol Toluenc The on group of phenol is a better activating progroup -CH3 group in toluene. Thus phenol nitrated first than toluene