Question

9) Models of care describe how best to provide care across the many healthcare areas. Briefly describe the following 2 (two) models of health (in 40-50 words each).

Answer 1

9 . Models of care delivery :-

- Case method

Each patient is assigned to a nurse while that nurse is on duty.

Pro: Total pt care provided by one nurse on each shift

- Functional Nursing

Hierarchical structure predominates. Personnel of different skill levels are used according to the complexity of patient care needs. Team members provide care to a specific group of patients under the supervision of an RN

Pro: Efficiency is increased

Con: Nurses aid perform pt care

- Team Nursing (1950's) - by 2000's interdisciplinary teams had become more popular

Nursing team is led by a professional or technical nurse who plans, interprets, coordinates, supervises and evaluates nursing care. Team leaders assign team members to patients by matching patient needs with staff knowledge and skills.

Pro: Care through team method. Pt care coordinator free to manage unit. Nursing care conferences help problem solve and develop staff. Nursing care plan is developed.

Con: Time is needed to coordinate delegated work.

- Modular (aka District) Nursing

(Late 60's-70's)

Is a modification of Team nursing and Primary nursing - in which the nurse gives total pt care to 4 - 6 pts. The RN remains responsible for the care of those pt's 24 hrs a day throughout the pt's hospitalization.

Pro: RN give total pt care. Primary nurse has 24 hr responsibility. Associate nurse works with pt while the primary nurse is off duty. Number of errors from relay of orders is reduced. Fewer pt complaints. Hospital stays are shorter.

Con: Nurses talents confined to limited number of pts. Associate nurses may change care plan without discussing with primary nurse.

- Managed Care

Integrate the finance and delivery of health care. Managed care organizations negotiate agreements with providers to offer packaged health care benefits to covered individuals.

Pro: Case management is incorporated. Can be used with any nursing care delivery system. Standard critical paths are used. Efficiency increased.

- Case management

A case manager identifies, coordinates, and monitors services for the pt and family.

-Emphasizes achievement of outcomes in designated time frames with limited resources

-Sometimes called Second generation primary nursing

Pro: Entire episode of illness is the focus. Achievement of outcomes is emphasized.

-Care coordinated by case manager.

-Care provided by second generation primary nursing.

Con: Coordination requires effort

- Collaborative practice

Can include interdisciplinary teams, nurse-physician interactions in joint practice, or nurse-physician collaboration in care giving.

Pro: Is cooperative synergistic. Inc collaboration results in improved quality of care. Inc pt and nurse satisfaction.

Con: Requires good communication skills

#..Models of health :-

- The social model of health is an approach to health that attempts to address the broader influences on health (social, cultural, environmental and economic factors), rather than the disease or injury itself.

- The biomedical model of health is an approach that treats people once symptoms of ill health are present. It relies heavily on doctors, hospitals, pharmaceuticals and medical technology.