Question

ANS a. What are the general functions of the autonomic nervous system? b. What happens when the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated? c. What happens when the parasympathetic nervous system is stimulated? d. What are a muscarinic receptor and a nicotinic receptor? e. What is the therapeutic action for dopamine? f. What are the adverse effects of dopamine? g. What are the key nursing implementation considerations for patients receiving an adrenergic agent? h. What is the difference between alpha-adrenergic blocking agents and beta-adrenergic blocking agents? i. What are the key lifespan considerations for an older adult when administering adrenergic blocking agents? j. What are the key nursing implementation considerations for a patient receiving nonselective adrenergic blocking agents? k. What are the most common adverse effects of propranolol (Inderal)? 1. For what other indications, besides the treatment of hypertension, is propranolol (Inderal) prescribed?

Answer 1

ans : A. Autonomic nervous system is a part of peripheral nervous system that act as a control system. they are responsible for for controlling of involuntary or visceral bodily functions like as Cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive functions, and stress disorder.

ans : B. sympathetic nervous system known as "Flight and Fight" system, when they stimulated

a) they increase the heart rate and contractility

b) they dilate pupils

c) vasoconstriction of vessels to GI tract and skin

d) they inhibit peristalsis

e) dilates bronchioles

f) constriction of urinary sphincter.

ans C: parasympathetic nervous system also called as cholinergic nervous system, "Rest and digest" system.

when they stimulated

a) there is a constriction of pupils and bronchioles

b) they stimulate salivary glands secretions and peristalsis

c) vasodilation of vessels to the GI tract

Ans D: Muscarinic receptor are the G protein coupled receptor (Acetylcholine receptor) form complex in cell membrane and neurones. they are more sensitive to muscarine.

Nicotinic receptor are acetylcholine receptor that respond to neurotransmitter acetylcholine.

there is stimulation of neuromuscular junction and autonomic ganglion.

Ans; E) Dopamin is a catecholamine which stimulate both alpha and beta receptor, produce positive chronotopic and inotropic effect on myocardium which result in increased heart rate and cardiac contractility.

Ans : F) it shows various adverse effect like, difficulty in breathing, chills, headache, anxiety, irregular heart beats, nausea and vomiting.

Ans ; G ) 1. To assess for contraindication or caution. ex( history of allergy, diseases adverse effect)

2. physical assessment to monitor for any potential adverse effects.

3. to monitor for CNS changes related to drug thrapy.

4. to monitor blood pressure and pulse, assess peripheral perfusion rate and drug effectivness.

5 to monitor laboratory test result.

Ans ; H )Alpha adrenergic blocking agent.

Alpha 1: Vasoconstriction of peripheral vessel, constriction of bronchial muscle, dilatation of pupills, decresed insuline release, platelets aggregation.

Alpha 2: adrenergic presynaptic inhibition.

Beta adrenergic blocking agent.

Beta 1; increased automaticity, increased conduction, vasodilation, increased renin relese, intestinal muscle relaxation

Beta 2; increased automaticity, vasodilation, bronchial muscle relaxation, uterus relaxation, increased insulin release.

Ans: k) Hepatotoxicity, diarrhea, constipation, stomach pain, blurred vision, insomnia.

Ans ;L) antianginal, antiarrhythmic and in migrain.