Question

Be able to describe ida Jean Orlando's and Margaret Newman's theory including a list of major 16. concepts in a short answer question. specific variables describe in a short answer question 17. Be able to provide an overview of Nola Pender's Model including a discussion of behavior 18. What are the three major themes of Parse's Theory of Humanbecomine.- Be able to list and

Answer 1

16. According to Orlando, nursing is responsive to individuals who suffer, or who anticipate a sense of helplessness. The Nursing Process Discipline Theory labels that nursing to supply the help when patient needs the same. That is, if the patient has an immediate need for help, and the nurse discovers and meets that need, then only the purpose of nursing has been achieved. The nurse response may not be based on the patient’s behaviour, but based on the professional skill in understanding the behaviour and prioritise the needs.

Margaret Newman's theory of health as expanding consciousness (HEC), which emanates from a unitary and transformative perspective of nursing. Nurses often cannot establish the connections between the intervention and the advances in technology because of the demands of their time and energy for a treatment-focused care. Caring partnership, which is based on Newman's HEC theory, as a nursing intervention enables nurses to identify with patients and to help the patients find meaning in their difficult situations and their lives. Consequently, both patients and nurses will grow even in extremely difficult situations.

17. Dr. Nola Pender developed the Health Promotion Model (HPM) that is used universally for research, education, and practice. The health promotion model focuses on helping people achieve higher levels of well-being. It encourages health professionals to provide positive resources to help patients achieve behaviour specific changes. The goal of the HPM is not just about helping patients prevent illness through their behaviour, but to look at ways in which a person can pursue better health or ideal health.

The major concepts of the Health Promotion Model are individual characteristics and experiences, prior behaviour, and the frequency of the similar behaviour in the past. Direct and indirect effects on the likelihood of engaging in health-promoting behaviours.

The theory mainly focuses on biological, psychological and socio-cultural. These factors are predictive of a given behaviour and shaped by the nature of the target behaviour being considered. Biological personal factors include variables such as age gender body mass index pubertal status, aerobic capacity, strength, agility, or balance. Psychological personal factors include variables such as self-esteem selfmotivation personal competence perceived health status and definition of health. Socio-cultural personal factors include variables such as race ethnicity, acculturation, education and socioeconomic status.

18. Human Becoming Theory includes Totality Paradigm as man or human is a combination of biological, psychological, sociological and spiritual factors.

Nursing paradigms and parse's theory

Person is an open being who is more than the sum total of the parts. And environment is the person and his experiences and it is insuperable and complimentary with the person.

Health is an open process of being and becoming, involves the synthesis of values and nursing as a human science and art that uses an abstract body of knowledge to serve people.

Symbol of human becoming theory

Black and white thinking means opposite paradox significant to ontology of human becoming and green is hope

Green and black swirls intertwining means human-universe co creation as an ongoing process of becoming

Strengths

Differentiates nursing from other disciplines

Practice - Provides guidelines of care and useful administration

Useful in Education

Provides research methodologies

Provides framework to guide inquiry of other theories (grief, hope, laughter, etc.)

Weaknesses

Research considered to be in a “closed circle”

Rarely quantifiable results - Difficult to compare to other research studies, no control group, standardized questions, etc.

Does not utilized the nursing process/diagnoses

Negates the idea that each person engages in a unique lived experience

Not accessible to the novice nurse

Not applicable to acute, emergent care

Application of the theory

A transformative approach to all levels of nursing

Differs from the traditional nursing process, particularly in that it does not seek to “fix” problems

Ability to see patient’s perspective allows nurse to “be with” patient and guide them toward desired health outcomes

Nurse-person relationship cocreates changing health patterns