Question

Do Babies Understand Probability? Can babies reason probabilistically? A study investigates this by showing ten-to twelve-month-old infants two jars of lollipop shaped objects colored pink or black. Each infant first crawled or walked to whichever color they wanted, determining their "preferred" color. They were then given the choice between two jars that had the same number of preferred objects, but that differed in their probability of getting the preferred color; each jar had 12 in the preferred color and either 4 or 36 in the other color. Babies choosing randomly or based on the absolute number of their preferred color would choose equally between the two jars, while babies understanding probability would more often choose the jar with the higher proportion of their preferred color. Of the 24 infants studied, 18 chose the jar with the higher proportion of their preferred color. Are infants more likely to choose the jar with the higher proportion of their preferred color? 1Denison, S. and Xu, F. (2014). "The origins of probabilistic inference in human infants," Cognition, 130: 335-347. (a) State the null and alternative hypotheses. Your answer should be an expression composed of symbols: =,#,<,>, J1, 41, 42,P,P1, P2,0.5, p.,P1, P2,r. H.:1 vs H :: Edit

Answer 1

D consider the above given that X=18, n = 241 Pot = 0.5, P = 1- Po =1-05 =0.5 F = F = 0.75 of the null hypothesi's Hot 0.5 altranative hypothesis Ha p>0.5 Sample statistics z =P-Po Poll-Pc) z 0.75-0.5 10.5(0.58 V 24 z = 0.25 6.102 Sample statistics Z =2.45

I normal distoibution is used to cdculate P-value for this dataset 2nd option is correct vo normal distribution el calculate the p-value Pralue-[z-test] = 2:35 2tailed test S Pvalue=0.018 1. Lilled test Puolue = 0.009 compared to the produe at significance 2=5% P value significance level 0.0l<0.05 Projected Ho OH <=5%