Question

2.1 Supply chain ramp-up in the emerging EV sector In recent years, EV technology has rapidly evolved and begun to disrupt the automotive industry (Weforum, 2017), as pathways towards environmentally sustainable post-ICE transportation solutions (Steinhilber et al., 2013) have become seen as viable. In the supply chain management literature, previous studies have focused on sustainability issues (Hawkins et al., 2012; Günther et al., 2015; Juan et al., 2016). For instance, Hendrickson et al. (2015) investigated optimal locations for battery recycling in California. By contrast, other studies have examined impacts on traditional automotive supply chains, as EVs become more prolific (Klug, 2013; Rossini et al., 2016). Challenges associated with EV adoption and use, ranging from technical issues (e.g. battery technologies) to user-related concerns (e.g. range anxiety), have also been explored (Li et al., 2015, p. 371). In the production ramp-up literature, previous studies have explored cost, quality and timeliness factors (Surbier et al., 2014), as well as the impact of late engineering design changes, effects of supply-chain network configuration, process and product complexity and the degree of novelty (Elstner and Krause, 2014). Glock and Grosse (2015) reviewed quantitative decision support models for ramp-up planning by focusing on typical planning problems and the process characteristics of the ramp-up phase. Other studies have proposed different ramp-up strategies. For example, Clark and Fujimoto (1991 proposed two different strategies for ramp-up of new product in the final assembly based on the choice of ramp-up curve, operation pattern and workforce policy. Schuhet al. (2005) also slow proposed three production ramp-up strategies, namely motion", dedication and step by step they advocated that the correct selection is dependent on specific parametersuch as utilisation d mampuan dan
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Answer 1

The supply-chain ramp-up in the emerging Electric Vehicles Sector:

The EV technology has disrupted the automobile market by providing an environmentally sustainable alternative to Internal Combustion Engine vehicles.

The EV sector has two major research areas- supply-chain, and production. Supply-chain has been talked about in various research papers in the past, including issues like the optimal location of battery recycling in California. Some other studies have evaluated the impact on the supply chain of traditional Internal combustion engine vehicles due to the rising popularity of Electric vehicles. Studies have also focused on how consumers will be affected by this revolution- ranging from technical issues like battery longevity to the range offered by electric vehicles.

Production research focuses on aspects of electric vehicles like cost, and how companies producing electric vehicles shall bring costs down, quality concerns of electric vehicles and how they compare to their oil-run counterparts, and how quickly can companies make these cars available to consumers. The lag time between placing order and delivery should ideally be minimal. Some other key focus areas in research in this field include the impact of last-minute design changes, the degree of novelty that these vehicles offer, and the complexity of the product and whether it is easy to use for the consumer. Even the issue of the network of the supply chain, including dealerships, has been considered in these reports.

Some quantitative ways have been thought of and tested by some researchers, including conducting decision support models and descriptive analysis of the processes being conducted during the increase in the production of electric vehicles. Some researchers also proposed ways to increase the production of new vehicles, subject to workforce policies of the factories, the curve which represents the stages in which production shall be increased and operation-specific details. Some other proposals suggested by researchers include a three-fold production plan with the names, 'slow-motion', 'dedication', and 'step-by-step'. They added by explaining that the selection of either of the three plans would be subject to factors like utilization of resources in the production process, product-variety available and the time that is taken to ramp-up production.