Question

how does the involvement of student nurse in patient's care impact patient experience?

give pathophysiology, clinical manifestation/signs and symptoms, diagnostic labs, general treatment option for each condition below

Cardiovascular edema

left ventricular hypertrophy

stress urinary incontinence

Please type :)

Answer 1

Answer 1:

Nowadays nursing in inclined towards Patient-centered care which refers to prioritizing the patient and their experience through the process of communication, discussion of treatment options, potential outcomes and possible psychological effects’ (Royal College of Nursing 2013). While looking or taking care of a patient, there are many concerns or risks involved that the health care professionals need to know about, informing the right and wrong doings for the patients (called ethics). Such ethics create conflicts between the duty and the emotions. In order to best prepare these student nurses, they are exposed to hospital-based training in teaching hospitals to achieve emotional stamina and comprehensiveness in training.

Various studies suggested that the experiences of patients vary across the continuum of health as they interact with the various healthcare providers and the organization’s culture. Under the positive perceptions of the student nurses, it was revealed that patients feel comfortable with student nurses and acknowledge that they perform commendable nursing services. Other positive experiences the patients had was that the student nurses are very supportive of their patients and are willing to be of service whenever the patients require them to be. The patients also experienced that some of the students were skillful and competent in their nursing roles. With respect to negative experiences encountered by patients during a therapeutic encounter with student nurses in a teaching hospital, it was found that some of the students who nursed the patients were not very competent in the nursing procedures they performed. Because of their incompetence, the patients are hurt, disappointed and apprehensive. some patients experienced the displaying of poor professional behavior and interpersonal skills by the student nurses.

Answer 2:

1. Cardiovascular edema

Cardiogenic pulmonary edema is a type of pulmonary edema caused by increased pressures in the heart. This condition usually occurs when the diseased or overworked left ventricle can’t pump out enough of the blood it receives from patient’s lungs (congestive heart failure).

Symptoms include shortness of breath, especially if it comes on suddenly, trouble breathing or a feeling of suffocating (dyspnea), a bubbly, wheezing or gasping sound when breathing, pink, frothy sputum when coughing, breathing difficulty along with profuse sweating, a blue or gray tone to skin, confusion , a significant drop in blood pressure resulting in lightheadedness, dizziness, weakness or sweating.

Causes can be coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, heart valve problems and high blood pressure (hypertension).

It can be diagnosed by ECG, Echocardiogram or cardiac catheterization.

Treatment regimen includes diuretics, morphine and blood pressure medications.

2. left ventricular hypertrophy

Left ventricular hypertrophy is enlargement and thickening (hypertrophy) of the walls of heart's main pumping chamber (left ventricle).

Left ventricular hypertrophy usually develops gradually. Patient may experience no signs or symptoms, especially during the early stages of the condition. As it progresses, patient may experience shortness of breath, fatigue, chest pain, often after exercising, sensation of rapid, fluttering or pounding heartbeats (palpitations), dizziness or fainting

There can be many causes for this disease. Left ventricular hypertrophy can occur when some factor makes patient’s heart work harder than normal to pump blood to body. Factors that can cause heart to work harder include high blood pressure (hypertension), aortic valve stenosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, athletic training.

Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG), Echocardiogram and MRI can be suggested to confirm left ventricular hypertrophy.

Treatment for left ventricular hypertrophy depends on the underlying cause and may involve medication or surgery.

3. stress urinary incontinence

Urinary incontinence is the unintentional loss of urine. Stress incontinence happens when physical movement or activity such as coughing, sneezing, running or heavy lifting puts pressure (stress) on bladder. Stress incontinence is not related to psychological stress.

Symptoms of stress urinary incontinence includes urine leakage when patient cough, sneeze, laugh, stand up, get out of a car, lift something heavy, exercise or during sex.

Causes of stress urinary incontinence can be childbirth in women and prostate surgery in men. Besides that, contributory factors include an illness that cause chronic coughing or sneezing, Obesity, Smoking, which can cause frequent coughing, High-impact activities, such as running and jumping, over many years.

Lab test to diagnose it includes Physical exam with focus on abdomen and genitals, Urine sample to test for infection, traces of blood or other abnormalities, Brief neurological exam to identify any pelvic nerve problems, Urinary stress test, in which the doctor observes urine loss when patient cough or bear down

Treatment regimen includes Behavior therapies such as healthy lifestyle changes, bladder training and pelvic floor muscle exercises which are also known as Kegel exercises can be advised. A technique called biofeedback can be used along with Kegel exercises to make them more effective. The antidepressant duloxetine (Cymbalta) is used for the treatment of stress incontinence in Europe.