Question

1) give pathophysiology, clinical manifestation/ signs & symptoms , diagnostics/Labs, treatment options of Mrsa

2) what are the higher level of nursing skills the student nurse can perform in assisting adult patient with variety of acute/chronic health condition?

Please type :)

Answer 1

1) Normally MRSA is a bacteria naturally present in the nose and skin and donot cause any harm till when they begin to mutiply controllably.MRSA stands for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a highly contagious disease staphylococcus infection that can be highly transmit from one person to another through contact with an infected wound or by sharing the personal things(eg:blades,towels) that is infected with the oraganism.The MRSA can be transmitted by direct and even indirect.This organism is resistant to most of the antibiotics.Any way it is a highly a fatal condition if untreated.

Pathophysiology:

Normally the MRSA is lives in the nose or skin of most populatin and generally harmless $\small \rightarrow$   When host defense breached and the organism may be enter the body and virulent to cause infection(during shaving,through a cut,aspiraion,insertion of an indwelling catheter,or surgery) $\small \rightarrow$ Increases the colonization of the bacterium $\small \rightarrow$ Infection $\small \rightarrow$ SS.aureus produces enzymes such as proteases,lipases,and elastases $\small \rightarrow$ Invade and destroy host tissues and metastasize to other sites

SIgns and symptoms:

*it mights starts with a swollen painful red bumps that may be warm to touch resembles like a spider bite or a pimple.

*It often has a yellow or white center and a central head

*Fever

*Chills

*Fatigue

*Cellulitis

*Full of pus and other drainage from the affected area

If untreated initially it may burrow deep into the body causing infection to other organ system including bones,joints surgical wounds,bllod stream,heart valves and lungs

Diagnosis/Labs:

*Histopathological examination

*Nasal secretions culture for diagnosing of bacteria

*Wound cultures

*Sputum cultures

*Blood culture

*Urine cultures

Treatment:

Most patient are resistant to antibiotics.In this type of case the doctors may drain a superficial abscess caused by MRSA rather than treating the infection with the drugs.

To patient who responds to antibiotics the doctors may choose the :

IV Antibiotics:

*First-line therapy as vancomycin 30mg/kg and the dose should not exceed 2g in 24 hour period.

*Second-line therapy as daptomycin and the dosage is 4 to 6mg/kg every 24 hours

*Third-line therapy:Linezolid and the dosage is 600mg every 12 hours

*Fourth-line therapy as tigecycline and the dosage is 100 mg once,then 50mg IV evevry 12 hours

*Fifth-line therapy as Quinipristin

Oral antibiotics;

*First-line therapy as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

*Second-line therapy as clindamycin

*Third-line therapy as tetracycline or doxycycline

*Fourth-line therapy as linezolid

In some case Rifampicin may be also be used in combination with other drugs

2) All the present populations are highly vulnerable to most of the most of the infections and diseases.All needs improved care from the doctors and the later time incase if inpatient they receives a 24 hour care from the skilled nurses.To deliver a high quality,effective and safe care with out developing any complicatons or disabilities during the student period itself they have to improve their skills asist with the experienced nurses while treating with adult patient with acute or chronic health condition thus promote the evidence based practices while during their practice periods.

The student nurse has to assess the vital signs according to the order,each and every condition should be properly assessed from head to foot,involves in general examination of the patient,try to improve the skills to differentiate different conditions,assist with the experienced nurse,try to clear the doubts with the experience one,assist in feeding,cleaning of wounds,insertion of feeding tubes with the assistance of a trained personnel,draining of wound abscess,assist in surgical dressing,ventilator assessment etc

Thus a student nurses can improves the their highly developed skills during the student period itself thus ensure or deliver a high quality care during their job period.