Question

clincal paper presentation about hypothyroidsim disease.
.

Answer 1

HYPOTHYROIDISM :-

DEFINITION :

Hypothyroidism is a deficiency of thyroid hormone that causes a general slowing of metabolic rate.

PREVALENCE :

The prevalence of hypothyroidism is about 3.9%.It is mostly common in women than men.

ETIOLOGY :

Hypothyroidism mainly two types primary and secondary hypothyroidism.

1. Primary hypothyroidism -

primary hypothyroidism caused by destruction of thyroid tissue and defect in thyroid hormone synthesis.

2.Secondary hypothyroidism -

Secondary hypothyroidism caused by pituitary diseases such as decreased thyroid stimulating hormone secretion or hypothalamic dysfunction.

CLINICAL MANIFESTATION :

Mainly patient with severe and long standing hypothyroidism may display myxedema, which alters skin and subcutaneous tissue puffiness.

1. Cardiovascular system

• ​​​​​​​Increased capillary fragility
• Change in blood pressure
• Anemia

2.Respiratory system

• Dyspnea
• Decreased breathing capacity

3.Gastrointestinal system

• Decreased appetite
• Weight gain
• Nausea and vomiting

4.Integumentary system

• Dry, thick and cold skin
• Pallor
• Puffy face

5.Musculoskeletal system

• Fatigue
• Muscle weakness
• Arthralgia

COMPLICATION:

• Myxedema coma

DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES:

• History taking and physical examination
• Serum TSH and free T4
• Total serum T3 and T4
• Thyroid peroxidase antibodies

COLLABORATIVE CARE:

• Thyroid hormone therapy such as levothyroxine
• A low calorie diet is given to promote weight loss and weight gain
• Levothyroxine is a drug of choice for hypothyroidism
• Monitor thyroid hormone level and adjust dosage

PATIENT CAREGIVER TEACHING :

• Discuss about thyroid hormone therapy
• Warm environment is provided.
• Teach to prevent skin breakdown.
• Minimize of constipation.
• Regular bowel elimination time.
• Avoid enema.

NURSING DIAGNOSIS :

1. Imbalanced nutrition more than body requirement related to calorie intake in excess of metabolic rate as evidenced by weight gain.
2. Constipation related to GI hypomotility.