Question

dlnihation! 2. The nurse knows that the most significant risk factors vascular disease is a cause of significant te United States. Major treatable causes or developing peripheral vascular disease include Select al that apply) 1. hypertension. 2 cigarette smoking 3. low LDL levels 4. high LDL levels vascular disease are hypertension of Pente smoking. and atherosclerosis he mnt are smoking cessation, weight reduction exerciss should be fully informed about the significance 3. The nurse was explaining to a of Pêrieations of not participating in lifestyle t-effective and successful forms of e, and dietary modification. 5. aspirin hypersensitivity ,al vascular disease, the potential the meaning of his new diagnosis of "claudication. Which is the best statement? D0 pofication, and the use of drug therapy, 1. "This condition is from poor circulation resulting in a lack of oxygen to the muscles during exercise." Learning Resources 2. "When patients get this, there usually is also a deep ur Study Guide for additional Review Ques- vein thrombus in the leg." 3. "The pain you have when walking is from for the NCLEx® Examination, Critical Thinking Clinical d other learning activities to help you master a vasospasm, which will cause your skin to blanch." 4. "Generally, you do not have to treat this condition alye Go to your Evolve website (http://evolve until you get pain at rest, along with numbness and ver.com/Clayton) for additional online resources. tingling in your legs." . The nurse teaching a patient about ways to prevent vasospasms associated with Raynaud's disease includes all of these in the instructions. (Select all that apply,) 1. Avoid holding cold beverages 2. Avoid handling hot beverages 3. Keep hands and feet warm with gloves edication assessments that the nurse gerforms on patients with peripheral vascular disease nclude: (Select all that apply.) 1. checking for renal disease. 2 obtaining a pain rating. a. evaluating the peripheral . checking the temperature of extremities 5. evaluating the level of psychological stress and socks 4. Limit the intake of caffeine products 5. Exercise vigorously three times a day pulses

Answer 1

In peripheral vascular disease (PVD), the blood vessels outside the heart and brain may become narrow or get blocked and therefore the blood flow to the arms, kidneys, stomach, and the legs are getting restricted causing the symptoms. In PVD, the blood vessels narrow and blood flow decreases which can be due to atherosclerosis or due to blood vessel spasms.

PVD can be Functional PVD or Organic PVD. In functional PVD, there is no physical damage to the structure of blood vessels, but, vessels widen and narrow in response to factors like brain signals and temperature changes. The narrowing causes a reduction in blood flow. Emotional stress and cold temperature are the most common causes of Functional PVD. In the case of Organic PVD, there will be changes in blood vessel structure like inflammation, plaques, and tissue damage.

Premedication assessment a nurse performs include;

1. History of chronic renal disease should be assessed. Renal insufficiency is a risk factor for PVD.

2. Evaluate the peripheral pulses and

3. Check the temperature of extremities.

4. Since emotional stress causes Functional PVD, the nurse should evaluate the psychological stress too.

2) Most important Risk factors include

1. Hypertension

2. Cigarette Smoking

4. High LDL