Question

A patient with a severe muscle cramp tells the nurse, "The pain is a little better when I massage the muscle or apply a cold pack." Which criterion of the PQRST method of pain assessment is addressed in the patient’s statement?

1Severity Scale

2 Quality/Quantity

3 Region/Radiation

4 Provocation/Palliation

Which phase of nociceptive pain signifies the conscious awareness of a painful sensation?

1 Perception

2 Modulation

3 Transduction

Which is the purpose of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)?

1 To determine the source of pain

2 To help control the pain

3 To find a genetic link for the pain

4 To assess the intensity of the pain

Which pain scale would the nurse use to assess the pain level in a 6-year-old child?

1 Faces pain scale

2 Visual analog scale

3 Numeric rating scale

4 Verbal descriptor scale

Which associated disorders may be found in a patient with neuropathic pain? Select all that apply.

1 Herpes zoster

2 Liver metastasis

3 Postoperative pain

4 Trigeminal neuralgia

5 Distal polyneuropathy

Which is characteristic of C fibers?

1 A large diameter

2 Presence of a myelin sheath

3 Rapid transmission of pain signals

4 Presence of diffused sensations

The patient reports severe lower back pain while standing for the past 2 days. The nurse documents which type of pain?

1 Chronic

2 Incident

3 Malignant

4 Breakthrough

Which conditions are associated with visceral pain? Select all that apply.

1 Arthritis

2 Appendicitis

3 Fibromyalgia

4 Cholecystitis

5 Kidney stones

Which diagnosis in the medical record relates to the older patient’s report of increased hip pain?

1 Osteoarthritis

2 Diabetes mellitus

3 Chronic constipation

4 Peripheral vascular disease

After assessing pain in a 2-year-old child, the nurse documents the score as 5, using the FLACC scale. Which pain level is this patient experiencing?

1 None

2 Mild

3 Moderate

4 Severe

Which neurotransmitters are released at the site of injury? Select all that apply.

1 Glutamate

2 Histamine

3 Bradykinin

4 Prostaglandin

5 Gamma-aminobutyric acid

Which examination visualizes neurochemical changes in the brain caused by nociception?

1 X-ray examination (x-ray film)

2 Computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan

3 Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

4 Traditional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Which type of pain does the nurse document in the medical record for a patient with herpes zoster (shingles) who reports a pain level 10/10?

1 Somatic

2 Visceral

3 Nociceptive

4 Neuropathic

Which type of pain would the nurse document in the medical record for a patient complaining of right upper quadrant abdominal pain that moves to the shoulder?

1 Somatic

2 Referred

3 Cutaneous

4 Breakthrough

In which order do the events of nociception take place in a patient with an injury? Place your response in order from first to last.

1.The cortical structure interprets the noxious stimulus as an emotional response to pain.

2.The descending pathway to the spinal cord releases the third set of neurotransmitters.

3.The reduced opioid receptors at the spinal cord will cause the release of the signal to the thalamus.

4.The noxious stimulus releases prostaglandins that travel to afferent nerves of the spinal cord.

The aging patient with dementia appears agitated and is pacing and yelling. Which would the nurse infer as the cause of the agitation?

1 Pain

2 Worsening dementia

3 Medication overdose

4 Decreased prostaglandin levels

Which phase of nociceptive pain involves the release of bradykinin and prostaglandins?

1 Perception

2 Modulation

3 Transmission

4 Transduction

The patient with severe electric shock–like pain complains of significant pain not adequately relieved by the prescribed nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID). The nurse attributes this failed therapy to the patient having which type of pain?

1 Visceral pain

2 Cutaneous pain

3 Neuropathic pain

4 Breakthrough pain

Which question would the nurse ask the patient with rheumatoid arthritis to evaluate the effectiveness of corticosteroid therapy?

1 "When did your pain start?"

2 "What does this pain mean to you?"

3 "Why do you think you are having pain?"

4 "What makes your pain better or worse?"

Answer 1

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