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Drugs that require metabolic activation often are more teratogenic in women as compared to rodents. Explain...

Drugs that require metabolic activation often are more teratogenic in women as compared to rodents. Explain why and explain why the threshold for teratogens is generally larger compared to most carcinogens

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Theoretically nearly any drug emploved by the mother throughout physiological state might be injurious to the craniate, inflicting anatomic defect (teratogenic). the majority lipid-soluble compounds pronto cross the placenta. soluble substances pass a lot of simply once of lower relative molecular mass. The degree to that a drug is sure to protein additionally influences the quantity of drug thats unengaged to cross the placenta. Overall, most medication cross the placenta to some extent, with the exception of enormous organic ions like decoagulant (both fractionated and unfractionated) and internal secretion Some agents are a lot of agent than others. Less obvious is that the axiom that agent is tetragenic just sure species. as an example, sedative-hypnotic produces seal limbs in primates however not in rodents. at intervals a giv en species, however, a giv en agent might have an effect on sev eral organ systems. Some organ systems square measure preferentially affected however the pattern of anomalies additionally reflects the organ systems differentiating at the time the agent was administered. The alternative threshold policy assumes that there exists thus me lev el of exposure at that no hurt can come back to anyone in a very population so exposed. The no-threshold policy created sense once adopted, thirty or a lot of years ago, since the science then out there wasnt able to distinguish between these 2 opposing hypotheses, and no threshold provides a lot of margin of safety. Since then, our understanding of biological processes associated with birth and growth of cancer has greatly enlarged. we have a tendency to currently perceive that 2 completely different biological processes will enlarge cancer risk. Increasing the speed at that cells divide is one amongst these; increasing the speed at that mutations occur, severally of biological process (mitotic) rate, is another. its proverbial that mitotic rate is below shut physiological management, operated through a posh system together with a spread of animate thing trav eller molecules. Functions controlled thus on be unbroken at intervals sure limits within the face of external stressors should by definition exhibit a threshold in their response to tiny changes in such external stress. its solely necessary to demonstrate the existence of physiological management to point out that the edge should exist. therefore therell be a threshold within the response to any nonmutagenic (mitogenic) carcinogens

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