Question

1. Discuss a kidney disorder. 2. What is the course of treatment for this disorder? 3. What is the diet for this disorder? 4. Which lab values and/or electrolytes should be monitored in kidney disorders? 5. What is polysterene sulfonate?

Answer 1

1. Chronic kidney disease refers to gradual loss of renal function over a period of time that is months to years. In the initial phase, there may not be any symptoms but later on develop symptoms like loss pf appetite, vomiting, tiredness, confusion etc. etiological factors include diabetes, hypertension , polycystic kidney disease etc.

2. course of treatment

• aims to control risk factor like hypertension with the help of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
• Treatment of elevated blood lipids
• Anemia treatment with parentral iron/ erythropoietin
• calcitriol administration for vitamin d deficiency
• Phosphate binders to control serum phosphate levels.
• kidney transplant in final stage ckd

3. diet for this disorder is low salt, low protein diet so as to control hypertension and proteinuria

4. lab values to be monitored:

• Serum creatinine value will be elevated
• Urine albumin to creatinine ratio for proteinuria
• Blood electrolytes level like sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphate etc
• vitamin d level as there may be deficiency
• hemoglobin as anemia is common

5. polystyrene sulphonate is a medicine to treat hyperkalemia. It removes potassium by exchanging sodium ions for potassium ions in intestine.