Question

Patients with Anemia present with specific assessment character. Please describe!

1. What specific laboratory values will you include in your objective assessment of persons with anemia.?

2.What is sickle cell anemia , and what are the clinical manifestation? What complications can occur.

3. What is a Blood transfusion and what is the RN responsible for.

4. What are the clinical manifestations of a transfusion reaction.

5. What is hemochroatosis?

6. What is acute leukemia, clinical manifestations, Lab values.

7. What is Myloid leukemia?

8. What is chronic lymphocytic leukemia/

9. What is Polycythemia Vera

Answer 1

1. What specific laboratory values will you include in your objective assessment of persons with anemia.?

Complete Blood Count (CBC)

With anemia, some of the components of the CBC that may show abnormal results include:

• RBC count—typically low
• Hemoglobin—low
• Hematocrit—low
• RBC indices—these include mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). They give a healthcare practitioner information about the size of the red blood cells and the amount and concentration of hemoglobin in RBCs present in someone's blood at that moment.

2.What is sickle cell anemia , and what are the clinical manifestation? What complications can occur.

Sickle cell disease is a group of inherited red blood cells disorders. People who have sickle cell disease have an abnormal protein in their red blood cells.

Your doctor may diagnose sickle cell disease based on the results from tests to confirm the results from various screening tests.

Screening tests

- Sickle Cell Disease

People who do not know whether they make sickle hemoglobin or another abnormal hemoglobin, such as SC, Sβ thalassemia, and SE, can find out by having their blood tested. This way, they can learn whether they carry a gene—or have the trait—for an abnormal hemoglobin that they could pass on to a child.

When each parent has this information, he or she can be better informed about the chances of having a child with some type of sickle cell disease, such as hemoglobin SS, SC, Sβ thalassemia, or others.

Complications from sickle cell disease can include gallstones, lung crises (acute chest syndrome), pulmonary hypertension, stroke, leg ulcers that don't heal, and eye damage.

Blood transfusions are commonly used to treat worsening anemia and sickle cell complications. Most patients with sickle cell disease have at least occasional blood transfusions. Patients with severe complications–such as stroke and acute chest syndrome–may require months or years of regular transfusions every three to four weeks to prevent ongoing damage.

Hydroxyurea treatment may be helpful in reducing crises and the need for transfusions.

People with sickle cell disease should have regular checkups to detect eye damage. And a simple ultrasound test of the head can identify children at high risk for strokes.

3. What is a Blood transfusion and what is the RN responsible for.

Blood transfusions are a life-sustaining and life-saving treatment but they aren’t without risk. Conditions that warrant blood transfusions range from acute trauma to intraoperative blood loss to compromised blood-cell production secondary to disease or treatment. If you’re a nurse on the front line of patient care, you must be adept at administering blood products safely and managing adverse reactions with speed and confidence.

An RN mainly focuses on caring for and educating the patients and their family members about early recovery and ways of prevention of diseases. Hence, nursesassess patients' health problems and needs, develop and execute nursing care plans, and uphold medical records.

4. What are the clinical manifestations of a transfusion reaction.

Transfusion reaction symptoms include:

• back pain
• dark urine
• chills
• fainting or dizziness
• fever
• flank pain
• skin flushing
• shortness of breath
• itching

5. What is hemochromatosis?

Hereditary hemochromatosis causes your body to absorb too much iron from the food you eat. Excess iron is stored in your organs, especially your liver, heart and pancreas. Too much iron can lead to life-threatening conditions, such as liver disease, heart problems and diabetes.

6. What is acute leukemia, clinical manifestations, Lab values.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). ALL is the most common type of cancer in children from one to seven years of age and the most common leukemia in children from infancy to age 19, although it also affects adults. In young children, survival chances are especially good. In ALL, leukemic blast cells accumulate in the bone marrow and blood and the cancer progresses quickly without treatment. It can spread to the lymph nodes and central nervous system. Untreated ALL can lead to anemia, poor immunity, and easy bleeding and bruising.

7. What is Myloid leukemia?

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This is the most common acute leukemia in adults. Adults older than 50 are more likely than children to develop AML and adolescents over 15 are more likely to develop it than younger children. AML is generally a rapidly developing cancer where immature myeloid cells continually divide in the bone marrow or other tissue and can replace bone marrow with immature, dysfunctional white blood cells. Untreated AML leads to anemia, poor immunity, and very easy bruising and bleeding.

8. What is chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). This is the most common leukemia of adults in Western countries and it almost never affects teens or children. It tends to be found in those over the age of 55 or 60 and the mean age at diagnosis is 65. This disease progresses more slowly compared with some other types of leukemia. The slow-growing CLL cells don't typically block the production of normal cells in the marrow as much as they do in ALL. That is why the early stages of CLL are often not as severe as early stages of ALL. The slow-growing form of CLL can remain stable for years and does not require treatment. However, there is a faster-growing form of CLL that blocks normal blood cell production and requires treatment. People with CLL may have enlarged lymph nodes, immunoglobulin deficiencies that lead to poor immunity, autoimmunity (such as autoimmune hemolysis), and an enlarged spleen.

9. What is Polycythemia Vera

Polycythemia vera is a slow-growing blood cancer in which your bone marrow makes too many red blood cells. These excess cells thicken your blood, slowing its flow. They also cause complications, such as blood clots, which can lead to a heart attack or stroke