Question

Font Tools Table Window Help D) 57 Exam 1 blueprint.Patho.doc [Compatibility Mode les ChartsSmartArt Review Paragraph Styles Ξ.크 jta. Yll | Normal Note Level 2 Heading 1 21 3l 5i Chapter 19 Qbicctivesoufer these, think about the alterations that we discussed and what is going on with the hormones that are causing the issues. From there, think about treatment options-the key to understanding the medications that we use is to understand the body system and what is hoppening when things are not working correctly! 1. Identify three ways target cells fail to respond to hormones, creating hormonal dysfunction. Think about why we see alterations and what can cause these 2. Compare the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) and diabetes insipidus in regard to causative factors, pathophysiology, manifestations, treatment, and prognosis Discuss the causes of hyper- and hypopituitarism while considering the populations at highest risk for developing these disorders 3. 4. Discuss the manifestations and consequences of pituitary adenomas an 5. Explain the progression of hyperthyroidism through Graves disease and hyroid storm in relation 6. 7. Differentiate between primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism. 8. Discuss the similarities and differences in the onset, etiology, and pathophysiology of type 1 and 9. 10. List the chronic complications of diabetes mellitus and discuss how good control of blood 11. Describe the function, uses, and mechanisms of the polyol pathway. 12. Compare bxeercactical function (Cushing disease and syndrome) and hvnecatical function to cellular changes, manifestations, treatments, and complications. Discuss the causes, treatment options, and outcomes for disorders that produce hypothyroidism type 3diabetesmellitus Describe the acute complications of diabetes melltus with a focus on differential detection and gluéose limits the cellular degeneration in each in Addison disease), including causative factors, pathophysiology, manifestations, treatment, and prognosis 1 of 1 Words: 90 of 438 Pages: 2

Answer 1

Q. No 1. Answer :

The target cells are having receptors, when the hormones are secreted by the glands, which will go towards to the target cells and binds with receptors.

* These receptor cells will stimulate the inhibition and secretion of hormones.

* particular cells are having target cell receptors for perticular hormones, if there is no exact or related target cell receptors it will not respond to hormones.

* in the target cell proteins receptors will recognize the particular hormones, if those proteins receptors are damaged it may leads to fail to respond hormones.

Q. No 3. Answer :

Cause of hyper and hypo pituitarism :

* pituitary tumours and adenomas are Main causes for these.

* these are inheritance disorders.

* in adults mainly due to traumatic brain injury also hypopituitarism.

Higher risk for developing these disorders includes head injuries, brain tumors, any pituitary tumours, radiation treatment, autoimmune inflammation, stroke, and infections in the brain like menigitis and meningeal tuberculosis etc these are the main risk factors to develop a hypo and hyper pituitarism.

Q. No 4. Answer :

Manifestations and consequences of pituitary adenomas:

* head ache

* vision loss due to pressure on optic nerve.

* unexplained weight loss or weight gain

* nausea

* vomiting

* feeling cold

* tiredness and weaknesses

* menstrual changes in females and erectile dysfunction in males.

Prolactinomas manifestations :

* infertility

* erectile dysfunction

* emotional changes.

Q. No 7 .Answer :

Difference between primary and secondary hyper parathyroidism

* primary hyper parathyroidism may comes from parathyroid gland.

* secondary hyper parathyroidism can come due to other organs failures such as kidney failure leads to over secretion of parathyroid hormones.

* in primary high parathyroid hormone levels seen in blood, and high calcium levels also.

* in secondary vitamin D deficiency and low calcium levels in the blood we will see.