Question

Six people had submitted urine samples to the laboratory. The samples were given at the same time, and the amount of urine was equal in all samples. Your task is to help with the information

below about the different test subjects, analyze what each person's urine sample should show. Background information:

1. One person was completely healthy

2. A person suffered from untreated diabetes

3. One person worked in a factory with hot and dry air

4. One person produced too little antidiuretic hormone

5. A person suffered from a hereditary defect on the nephron's basement membrane (it is too sparse)

6. A person has urinary tract infection

Please read about the function of the kidneys and its parts and how the function is regulated. Describe how much urine the people in question would have, and how one might test its properties. It can be good to also search on the internet.

You must explain in detail and in a nuanced manner the meaning of concepts and models that relate to the kidney structure and function linked to the scenarios set in the question, also highlight specific methods for testing urine properties in all situations and explain why you can use these tests in conjunction with these scenarios. The report should also have a clear structure with a red thread, and that is easy to follow in the text. You use different types of sources and make well-founded and nuanced assessments of the credibility and relevance of the information and sources.

Answer 1

The kidney has three regions- an outer cortex, a medulla in the middle, and the renal pelvis in the reason called the helium of the Kidney. the helium is the concave part of the bean shape where blood vessels and nerves enter and exist the kidney, it is also the point of exist for the Ureters. The functions of kidney receive blood through the renal artery, process it, and return the processed blood to the body through the renal vain. The kidney also make a protein (BMP-7) that stimulate born growth.

1. One person was completely healthy.     Rapid Urine Test is used which shows normal and abnormal by using test strip which is dipped iin the urine and then compared with the color field of the packaging.(Normal value of PH 5-7 is acidic and above 7 is shows UTI). This test is also shows Protein,Sugar,Nitrite,Ketone,bilirubin,RBS,WVS in urine.

2. A person suffered from untreated diabetes.     Rapid Urine Test,Micro albumin test A urine microalbumin test is a test to detect very small levels of a blood protein (albumin) in your urine. A microalbumin test is used to detect early signs of kidney damage in people who are at risk of developing kidney disease.

3. One person worked in a factory with hot and dry air. Urine analyze test Which detect Normal urine level and bacteria and UTI. In hot and dry place dehydration is common in people which cause lower urine output burning sensation while passing urine.

4. One person produced too little antidiuretic hormone.     ADH Urine Test Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is a hormone that helps your kidneys manage the amount of water in your body. The ADH test measures how much ADH is in your blood. This test is often combined with other tests to find out what is causing too much or too little of this hormone to be present in the blood.

5. A person suffered from a hereditary defect on the nephron's basement membrane (it is too sparse).    Urine Culture test and Ultrasonography Hereditary spherocytosis is an abnormality of red blood cells, or erythrocytes. The disorder is caused by mutations in genes relating to membrane proteins that allow for the erythrocytes to change shape. The abnormal erythrocytes are sphere-shaped (spherocytosis) rather than the normal biconcave disk shaped. Dysfunctional membrane proteins interfere with the cell's ability to be flexible to travel from the arteries to the smaller capillaries. This difference in shape also makes the red blood cells more prone to rupture.^[1] Cells with these dysfunctional proteins are degraded in the spleen. This shortage of erythrocytes results in hemolytic anemia.

6. A person has urinary tract infection      Urine Culture: A urine culture is a test that is used to detect bacteria in urine. The test can find and identify the microbes that cause a urinary tract infection. Your doctor can ask to collect urine for a urine culture in several different ways. The most common method is the midstream clean-catch method. The urine is kept for several days to allow the bacteria to grow, if they are present in it. The sample is then tested under a microscope. If the urine contains signs of bacteria or other organisms, the report will show a positive result.