Question

in inciude Gl ulcerations, hemorrhage, Gl bleeding, Aavise patients täkingNSS to notify their p increased pain in ulcerative colitis, gastritis, nausea, and promptly if they develop signs of skin vomiting. Indomethacin may also cause blurred vision, problems, or visual disturbances. These hepatic toxicity, aplastic anemia, hemolytic anemia, hypersensitivity to NSAIDs. rash, br are sig ns Focus Point Allergy to Analgesics patient is allergic to one analgesic, be cautious t giving another over-the-counter (OTC) analgesic Apply Your Knowledge 15.1 . The following questions focus on what you have just learned about pain and NSAIDs. CRITICAL THINKING 1. What are neurotransmitters? 2. Describe the process of inflammation. 3. Define prostaglandins. 4. What are endorphins and enkephalins? 5. Compare analgesics with antipyretics. 6. Define NSAIDs. 7. What is Reye's syndrome? 8. What is the mechanism of action of aspirin? 9. What are the indications of ibuprofen? 10. What is the mechanism of action of indomethacin?

Answer 1

1. Neurotransmitters are the chemical messengers which transmits the nerve signals across the synaptic junction from one neuron to another neuron . Examples of neurotransmitter are:-

Acetylcholine

Adrenaline

Noradrenaline

Dopamine

2. Inflammation is the swelling of the part of a body as a result of injury, infection and illness . The process of inflammation include the following steps :-

A) After a injury or infection occurs ,tissue damage occurs

B) Release of vasodilators , macrophages , chemotactic factors like histamine

C) Increased blood flow and capillary permeability to that area.

D) Margination occurs followed by migration of phagocytes to the site of injury or infection.

E) Proteins present in plasma and phagocytes destroy bacteria in cases of infection .

F) Once foreign particles or bacteria are destroyed , inflammation settles down .

3. Prostaglandins are a group of lipid compounds called eicosanoids having hormone like effects produced at site of tissue damage or infection that are involved in dealing with injury and illness.

4. Endorphins are neurotransmitters released in the brain to reduce pain and cause calming effect . It makes the individual fell relaxed and full of energy .

Enkephalins are also known as encephalin. It is a pentapeptide produced in the brain naturally . They are made up of short chains of amino acids and have similar effect as morphine and suppress pain .

5. Analgesics are the group of drug used to relieve pain . They are painkillers and cause analgesia .

Antipyretics are the group of drugs used to prevent or reduce fever .