Question

can these questions be answered

Practice Questions 21. In the following patient history, which item is not a risk factor for the development of cancer? A 59-year-old woman tells her doctor that she has been coughing a lot and lately has noticed blood in her sputum. She has been smoking since the age of 15. Her mother, maternal aunts. and maternal grandmother all died of breast cancer, and her sister was recently diagnosed with this. She ran a dry-cleaning business until last year, when she sold it in order to spend more time with her sister. Her husband is a cook, and they almost exclusively eat grilled and barbe- cued meat. She had surgery for gallstones last year. She has three grown children and two grandchildren. A. Cigarette smoking B. Diet C. Exposure to chemicals in the dry-cleaning business D. Prior history of surgery E. Family history of cancer 22. What is the purpose of "staging" cancer? A. Treatment and prognosis will depend on the stage of the cancer B. To estimate how many genetic mutations are present in the tumor C. To estimate how many lymph nodes need to be removed during the resection D. To allow comparisons of patients in clinical trials 23. The basic effect of chemotherapy and radiation therapy in the treatment of cancers is A. to induce lethal genetic changes in neoplastic cells. B. to target specific molecular pathways that are not functioning normally in neoplastic cells. C. to convert neoplastic to normal cells. D. to kill neoplastic but not normal cells. 24. "Targeted" cancer therapies are so called because A. they target cancer cells and have no effect on normal cells. B. they target particular molecular pathways that are abnormally activated in cancer cells. C. they target a mutated gene and revert it to a normal one. D. they are tailor-made to the particular genetic profiles of individual cancers. 25. A 55-year-old man is found to have iron deficiency anemia. With further investigation, a large, ulcer ated lesion is found in the colon. On resection of the tumor, the malignant cells have grown into the muscle layer of the colon. Lymph nodes do not contain cancer, and imaging studies show no evi- dence of distant growth. You can conclude that A the cancer has metastasized but not invaded. B. because the tumor is resected and there is no cancer in the lymph nodes, the patient is cured of disease. C. the cancer has invaded but not metastasized. D. you cannot be sure that the cancer has not metastasized because you didn't look at the liver microscopically. 26. Which of the following is generally true about the stage of cancer? A. Whether cancer has spread to lymph node is irrelevant. B. Stage 1 disease requires palliative care. C. Precise measurement of size is required define the T stage for all cancers. D. Low-stage disease can be treated with s gical excision, while Stage IV disease is curable. 27. Which of the following is not a criterion fo good screening test for cancer? A. It can be used for all members of an at- population. B. It does not expose tested patients to unn sary risk. C. In comparison to the cost of treating adva disease, it is inexpensive. D. It decreases the prevalence of the disea the population. E. A treatment does not necessarily need available for early-stage disease. 28. A family history of cancer is not a modifiab! factor, so what is the primary reason patien asked about this during the history-taking tion of their exam? A. To begin early screening B. To mentally prepare the patient that the need to be treated for that disease C. To allow patients to counsel their fami get genetic testing of their children D. To enroll patients in clinical trials looki new genetic mutations in cancer

Answer 1

21.D.prior history of surgery for gall stones is not a factor for getting cancer.others are risk factors of cancer.

22.A.treatment and prognosis will depend on the stage of cancer.

23.D.this will kill xancerous cells not normal cells.

24.B.they target particular molecular cells which help to spred cancerous cells.

25.A.it is metastazised not invaded

26.D.surgical incision is required for low stage cancer.

27.c.

28.D.