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Chapter-4 and 5 - Naming and properties of ionic and covalent compounds - Writing and balancing combustion reaction - ozone structure and its importance, resonance - Lewis dot structure for elements and water, carbon dioxide and ammonia - Lewis structure for diatomic elements: H2, 02, N2, and halogens - Bonding, non-bonding electrons and the shape of these molecules: water, carbon dioxide and ammonia Chapter 6 Definition of the followings: - what is organic chemistry? - vitalisem - Hydrocarbons - Alkane with an example - Alkene with an example - Alkyne with an example - Aromatic with an example - Isomers

Answer 1

Note Book Data Page Naming of Tonic Componnels Type of Cation a) metallic Cation: i) of one onidation state is possible Not Sodium Maat - Magnesium ABt Aluminium i of more than one oniolation state all possible - Higher Onidation state ice - Lower onidation state ous egy snut stannic I pl4t Plumbic Shot & stannous ploat Plumbons Hat - Mercuria المصحهم - b) Non-metallic cation: hum suffin is used De eg NHA (Ammonium) - - No (Nitronium) hot (Hydronium Tyle of anion a) simple anions: ice? suffin is used As 3 (Arsenide) f (fluoride) 2 Conide) Bi3- (Bismuthicle)

Note Book Date b) Organic anion H-COOH (formic (оон Acid) (formate) (Benzoic Acid) Benzoate, COOH Conalic Acid) Conalate) c) Ony-anion Group 1 in Periodic Table Highest oxidation state=) per ate . second highest o.s.-) -ate third highest ois - - ito lowest Onidation state (0.5) = Hypo-ite other than group 17 Highesto.s= ate Second highest Oisite lowest 0.5 =) typo...ite

Note Book Date poge lg clou clor (+1) Manimum 0.5 Perchlorate on - (+5) Second Manimum 0.s Chlorate NO- (+5) =) Manimum os - Nitrate. Namine of covalent compounds :- for more electrongatia side atom , suffin (ride) is used o caly - Carton tetrachloride Ngo Dinitrogen pentaonice clay - dichlorine hepta oniale Sofa – Dioxygen difluorite. Properties of Ionic & Covalent componnels Ionic Compounds covalent compounds Crood conductors of cheat comparatively bad and electricity conductors of electrict - Soluble in folar solvents solublen non-palar salients - Generally high molting Generally love meeting and boiling point and boiling toont encept - aliamond formed between metal and formed between two non-metal non-metals

Note Book Date page Writing and balancing combustion reaction - (Hydrocarbon & Oxygen Carbon dianide 7 water eg Gethin to coot ho Step 1: Balance carbon - Chiu & 6co + H₂O Step 2: Balance Hydrogen - Hy + 2 6CO2 + 7th Step 3 - Balancing of o-atom. I GHI4 + 190 660 + THO → Ozone Structure Importance ozone is a gas that helps in protection of all living things on earth from harmful W days from sun Resonance of ozone CO o

Lewis dat structure: - dot represents valence shell electron Na for elements :- eg Hoo 0 det formula of to co (Carbon dioxide) Ammonia (NH₃) Ho : H H Lewis structure for diatomic elements! Halogent 8 N

Page VIS Non-bonating es Boneling es Shared electron pairs Unshared electron .دلم u Non-boneling er - lv- shape of water -o linear shape of cog) Ammonta (NH2) Ammonio Trigonal pyramidal shake of ammonia

Note Book Date Page Definition - Organic chamistry: Broadly study of compounds du from carbon and hydrogen and substitad hydrocarbon. lo albane alcohol aldehyde Vitalism in The doctrine that phenomena. are controlled by forces. - - Hydrocarbons : Compound formed from carbon and hydrogen. Albane: The saturated hydrocarbon haring an Hanta general formula. lg Chy mothane .. Ca HG ethane Albene - The unfatuated hydrocarbons having & Han general formula eg Ca Hy Lethene) I Ison

Noto Book Date Page pounds Albyne & The unsaturated (triple bond) hydrocarbon having a Hona general lg salto Cethyne) Ca Hu (propyne) Aromatic :- The cyclic, completedy conjugated planar structure which Allow Huckel unta) T-election pair rule, called aromatic compound. Benzene TO Benzerce Isomers. The compounds which have some general molecular formula but different structure formula , called isomers. CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ CH CH₂ CH₂ Isoma Isomers нс — — см, снен, ан, он, см