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Please help me go to this summarize and make a slideshow presentation to summarize this chapter  

Below is summarize chapter

Some of the drugs used for peptic ulcer disease (PUD) include proton pump inhibitors, H2 receptor antagonists, antacids, and drugs for H. Pylori infection. To chemically break down ingested food, digestive enzymes which are secreted by the salivary glands, stomach, small intestine, and pancreas are required. The liver produces bile used in lipid digestion. The stomach mixes ingested food and secretes substances that promote the process of chemical digestion. Some of the substances secreted include the chief, parietal cells, and gastric acid. This combination forms the most acidic fluid in the body. To protect the stomach from this highly acidic fluid, a thick mucus layer and bicarbonate ions are secreted to neutralize the acid.

A peptic ulcer occurs when there is an erosion of the mucosal layer of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It can occur either in the stomach (gastric) or small intestine (duodenal). Some of the peptic ulcer disease risk factors include close family history of PUD, blood group O, smoking, consumption of beverages and caffeinated foods, certain drugs, psychological stress, and H. Pylori infection. Duodenal ulcers are characterized by a burning upper abdominal pain that occurs 1 to 3 hours after a meal whereas gastric ulcers are characterized by dull pain in the stomach, bloating and weight loss. Gastro esophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a condition whereby acidic contents of the stomach move upward into the esophagus resulting in heartburn pain.

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) act by blocking the enzyme responsible for secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach, hence, providing short-term therapy for PUD and GERD. Examples of PPIs include esomeprazole, iansoprazole, omeprazole, and pantoprazole. Omeprazole should be administered before breakfast on an empty stomach. It can also be administered with antacids. Its side effects are minor and include headache, nausea, rash, abdominal pain and rash. H2 Antagonists drugs include cimetidine, famotidine, nizatidine, and ranitidine. Examples of antacids include aluminum hydroxide, calcium carbonate, magaldrate, and sodium bicarbonate. Regimens used to eradicate H. Pylori include omeprazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin, and metronidazole.

Answer 1

Slide 1 :  PEPTIC ULCER (write in the middle of the slide)

Slide 2 :

Introduction - Role of Stomach in digestion

• Various digestive enzymes are secreted from salivary gland, stomach, small intestine, pancreas to breakdown food chemically.
• In stomach, food is mixed with secretes substances and promote digestion.
• Stomach secrete HCl or hydrochloric acid (pH 1.5 - 3.5) from oxyntic or parietal cell along with other gastric secretions (like- pepsinogen , mucus, bi-carbonate etc )
• These HCl helps in activation of pepsinogen into pepsin which is a proteolytic enzyme.

Slide 3 :

Pathogenesis of peptic ulcer

• Stomach is protected from auto-digestion by HCl and pepsin with the help of thick mucus layer (protect stomach body) and bicarbonate ion (neutralize acid).
• In some conditions (decrease secretion of mucus or bicarbonate ion, over secretion of acid, infection by H. pylori etc) these protective barrier is lost and erosion occur in gastric mucosa.
• Erosion leads to exposure to acid environment , inflammation and ulceration.
• Peptic ulcer may be a gastric ulcer (ulcer in stomach) or a duodenal ulcer (due to acid flow in duodenum from stomach)  

Slide 4 :

Risk factor of Peptic ulcer

• Close family history of having peptic ulcer
• Blood group O are more susceptible
• Smoking, consumption of beverages (eg: alcohol)
• Caffeinated and spicy food intake habit
• Certain medication that increase acid secretion (like - NSAID -Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, eg: Aspirin)
• Physiological stress
• Helicobacter pylori infection

Slide 5 :

Different sign and symptoms of peptic ulcer

• Gastric ulcer - dull pain in the stomach , bloating , weight loss
• Duodenal ulcer - burning upper abdominal pain generally 1-3 hours after food intake
• Differential diagnosis includes Gastro esophageal reflux disease (GERD), where acid content of the stomach move upwards in esophagus. In that case heart-burn pain occur.

Slide 6 : (the text does not contains diagnosis part, but I think diagnosis should be added to complete the topic, If you don't want you may exclude this slide)

Diagnosis of Peptic ulcer

• Medical history and proper physical examination
• Laboratory test for H. pylori
• Endoscopy
• To detect the nature of ulcer (benign or malignant) - Biopsy of ulcer tissue
• Upper gastrointestinal X-ray ( barium swallow)

Slide 7 :

Treatment

PPI (Proton pump inhibitor) - Omeprazole, Esomeprazole, Iansoprazole , Pantoprazole.

• Mechanism of action- Provide short term therapy for Peptic ulcer as well as GERD by blocking K+/H+ pumps (that requires at the final step of acid secretion.)
• Direction for us - before breakfast on an empty stomach with or with-out antacids
• Adverse effect - Headache, nausea, rash, abdominal pain

(In the text only PPI is discussed in details may be due to it is the first line of drug in peptic ulcer and most widely used )

Slide 8 :

Treatment continued..

H2 antagonists drug (competitively block H2 receptors of parietal cell and suppress meal stimulated acid secretion) - Cimetidine, Ranitidine, Fomitidine, Nizatidine

Antacids (neutralize acid by titration) - Aluminum hydroxide, Calcium carbonate, Magaldrate, Sodium bicarbonate

Antibiotic (for H. pylori) - Clarithromycin, Amoxicillin, Metronidazole (Regimen includes Omeprazole also)

Slide 9 :   Thank you (write in the center)

PLEASE NOTE :

Here power point slide presentation cannot be uploaded so I have written this way. Just open your power point app or software and choose a slide (if slide is dark choose light color letters, I mean made contrast combination of your slide background and text on it). Just copy paste these above written slides, according to slide number move to a new slide. Block letter words are title and rest are for body of the slide. You may add picture from internet, I did not do so due to copy-right issue. Hope this help you :)